{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:52:42Z","timestamp":1774687962338,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6705","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]],"date-time":"1989-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":624326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To assess the relation between breast feeding and subsequent experience of lower respiratory tract illness. DESIGN--Prospective (from well child visits) and retrospective (from maternal recall) study of breast feeding and prospective assessment by paediatricians of lower respiratory tract illness in infants during first year of life. SETTING--Health maintenance organisation. PARTICIPANTS--Over 1000 infants who were healthy at birth and whose parents used the paediatricians of a local health maintenance organisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Duration of breast feeding and type of lower respiratory tract illness (wheezing and non-wheezing) at different age intervals during the first year of life. RESULTS--Breast feeding was associated with a decreased incidence of wheezing illnesses only in the first four months of life. Interactions existed between breast feeding and sharing a room, being Mexican American, and being a boy. Multivariate techniques showed that after controlling for a variety of factors children who received minimal breast milk had a greater risk of early wheezing illnesses; the risk was further increased by simultaneous exposure to sharing a room. CONCLUSION--Breast feeding seems to protect against wheezing respiratory tract illnesses in the first four months of life, particularly when other risk factors are present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"946-949","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life. Group Health Medical Associates."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"299","author":[{"given":"A. L.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. J.","family":"Holberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. D.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. J.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L. M.","family":"Taussig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Holberg CJ, (iroup Health Medficil Associates. 'I'lic tucson (Chtilren's Rcspiratory Study. 11. Lowcr rspirastriv rait ilicsses ini thc first Ycar oflitf. A 711 lpideni'iiil","volume":"129","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wright Al., 'T'aussig EM, Ray C(, Hirrison HR. Holberg CJ, (iroup Health Medficil Associates. 'I'lic tucson (Chtilren's Rcspiratory Study. 11. Lowcr rspirastriv rait ilicsses ini thc first Ycar oflitf. A 711 lpideni'iiil 1989;129: 1232-46."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"\"310","article-title":"Facitors associated with ulif'ctiolis auttotig brcast-l'fd babics altLd babics 1'ed proprictary milks","volume":"72","author":"Holmes, G.E.; Hassancin, K.; Miller, H.W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Holmes GE, Hassancin K, Miller HW. Facitors associated with ulif'ctiolis auttotig brcast-l'fd babics altLd babics 1'ed proprictary milks. lidiairites 1983;72: 310-5. 1I( Taylor 13. (ioldttiig J, \\WXadsworth J 13titlcer N. Breast-f cdlitg, brotnchitis, aiud admiissionis for lowicr-rcspiratory illitess atid gastrocntcritis tifurimig the first five vears. Launtct 1982;i:1227-9.","journal-title":"Breast-f cdlitg, brotnchitis, aiud admiissionis for lowicr-rcspiratory illitess atid gastrocntcritis tifurimig the first five vears; Launtct"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"239","article-title":"BrcastIcedlitig atid respiratorv virus ineu(tioit","volume":"70","year":"1982","unstructured":"Frank Al, 'laber LH, (Iczeit WIT, Kascl GL, Wells CR, l'arcdes A. BrcastIcedlitig atid respiratorv virus ineu(tioit. lieidiatin's 1982;70:239-45.","journal-title":"lieidiatin's"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Studics of' breast-I'cdlitig atud inlfctiois: How goiod is the cvidcncei 7A11A8 1986; 256: 887-92. 14 'laussig","volume-title":"Health Medictal Associates. 'I'he 'Ilt'LStOi Children's Respiratory Stidy","author":"Baticlitier, H.; Levcnithal, J.M.; Shapiro, E.D.","unstructured":"Baticlitier H, Levcnithal JM, Shapiro ED. Studics of' breast-I'cdlitig atud inlfctiois: How goiod is the cvidcncei 7A11A8 1986;256:887-92. 14 'laussig EM\\, Wright Al., Morgan WCJ, Harrison HR. Ray CG, Group Health Medictal Associates. 'I'he 'Ilt'LStOi Children's Respiratory Stidy."},{"issue":"15","key":"ref_5","first-page":"751","article-title":"MDI) 'Ilue relationship otl childlhood rebspziratir iflicess to adtilt obstritctive airway discase","volume":"1","author":"Burrows 13, Knuidtsoni RJ, Lebowitz","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burrows 13, Knuidtsoni RJ, Lebowitz MDI) 'Ilue relationship otl childlhood rebspziratir iflicess to adtilt obstritctive airway discase. Aii Rev Risptr l)is 1977;1 15: 751.-60.","journal-title":"Aii Rev Risptr l)is"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Modcrn ipidemtiolgy. 'Ioronto","author":"Ki, Rotlinuati","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rotlinuati Ki. Modcrn ipidemtiolgy. 'Ioronto: Little, Browim, 1986."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"302","article-title":"'I'atissig CM\\, (irotimp Health Medical Assmci8tits I'cdiatriciaiis. Imuf'aiit-feedimig practices among middle-class Aiuglos amid Hispamuics. P15diatrics 1988; 82: 496-513. 18 'otcr KZ, Hcnry MM, Stewart PW, Hemudersoii FW. Lower rcspiratorv ilIticss im carlv clildlhood andilitilg fimnction and bronchial reactivitv in aduolesccni malcs. A-lii Retz Reupir l)is","volume":"137","author":"Al, Wright; CJ, Holhbcrg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wright Al, Holhbcrg CJ, 'I'atissig CM\\, (irotimp Health Medical Assmci8tits I'cdiatriciaiis. Imuf'aiit-feedimig practices among middle-class Aiuglos amid Hispamuics. P15diatrics 1988;82:496-513. 18 'otcr KZ, Hcnry MM, Stewart PW, Hemudersoii FW. Lower rcspiratorv ilIticss im carlv clildlhood andilitilg fimnction and bronchial reactivitv in aduolesccni malcs. A-lii Retz Reupir l)is 1988;137:302-7."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"809","article-title":"'Ilhc rclatioimship of mode otf infanit feeding amid location if care to frcquency Of infeemtioumi","volume":"139","author":"Agrc, F.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Agrc F. 'Ilhc rclatioimship of mode otf infanit feeding amid location if care to frcquency Of infeemtioumi. A.-l Dis C\/hild 1985;139:809-1 1.","journal-title":"A.-l Dis C\/hild"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"9","article-title":"Rcspiratory disease in childhlooi","volume":"27","author":"JR'T, Colfcy","year":"1971","unstructured":"Colfcy JR'T. Rcspiratory disease in childhlooi. BrMed Bull 1971;27:9.","journal-title":"BrMed Bull"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:16:58Z","timestamp":1765268218000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6705","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.299.6705.946","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,10,14]]}}}