{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T16:44:34Z","timestamp":1770482674366,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6717","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]],"date-time":"1990-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":632188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To establish a baseline of knowledge to plan an effective health education programme in schools. The survey was repeated at five year intervals from 1969 to 1989. DESIGN--To preserve consistency, the same anonymous questionnaire, which was confidential to the research workers, was used throughout. SETTING--Three secondary schools in Wolverhampton in different parts of the town and representing different social groups. SUBJECTS--Sample sizes ranged from 471 fourth year pupils (aged 14 to 15) in 1969 to 540 in 1984 and 380 in 1989, the decrease being due mainly to the falling birth rate. There were slightly more girls than boys, and the pupils covered the whole range of academic ability. RESULTS--Over the 20 years the proportion of pupils who knew someone taking drugs more than doubled from 15% (71) to 31% (117) and the proportion who had been offered drugs almost quadrupled from 5% (24) to 19% (72). The changes taking place over the past five years were characterised by an increased knowledge about drugs and the first mention of \"crack,\" a purified form of cocaine, and \"ecstasy\" (methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Peer influence continued to be given as the prime reason for taking drugs. Over the 20 years, though less often mentioned in 1989, television and newspapers remained the most common source of information. CONCLUSIONS--These results suggest the need for responsible coverage by the mass media and for more effective health and social education programmes to prevent the spread of drug misuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"99-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse, 1969-89."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"J D","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Pearl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Social Security. AIDS and drug misuse. Part 1","author":"Department of Health and","year":"1988","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. AIDS and drug misuse. Part 1. London: HMISO, 1988."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1177\/002580247601600408","article-title":"Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969","volume":"16","author":"Wright, J.D.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Wright JD. Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and 1974. Med Sci Law 1976;16:252-63.","journal-title":"and 1974. Med Sci Law"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"179","article-title":"Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and 1984","volume":"292","author":"Wright, J.D.; Pearl, L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wright JD, Pearl L. Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and 1984. BrMedj 1986;292:179-82.","journal-title":"BrMedj"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Destgn and analysts of industrial experiments","author":"Davis, O.L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Davis OL. Destgn and analysts of industrial experiments. London: Longman, 1978."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"8","article-title":"Solvent misuse in secondary school children-a prevalence study","volume":"10","author":"Cooke, B.R.B.; Evans, D.A.; Farrow, S.C.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cooke BRB, Evans DA, Farrow SC. Solvent misuse in secondary school children-a prevalence study. Community Med 1988;10:8-13.","journal-title":"Community Med"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Social Security. Heroin misuse campaign evaluation. Report offindings-stages I-1'I","author":"Department of Health and","year":"1988","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. Heroin misuse campaign evaluation. Report offindings-stages I-1'I. London: DHSS, 1988."},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Social Security. Anti drugs-AIDS campaign. RS2299. Qualitative evaluation","author":"Department of Health and","year":"1988","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. Anti drugs-AIDS campaign. RS2299. Qualitative evaluation. London: DHSS, 1988."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surseys. Public attitudes to drug takzng","author":"Office of","year":"1973","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surseys. Public attitudes to drug takzng. London: HMSO, 1973."},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"A comparison of 1973 and 1974 levels of mid-teenage experimentation with illegal drugs in some schools in England","author":"Dorn, N.; Thompson, A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dorn N, Thompson A. A comparison of 1973 and 1974 levels of mid-teenage experimentation with illegal drugs in some schools in England. London: Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence, 1975."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"197","article-title":"The correlates of serious alcohol-related consequences and illicit drug use amongst a cohort of Scottish teenagers","volume":"79","author":"Plant, M.A.; Peck, D.F.; Stuart, R.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Plant MA, Peck DF, Stuart R. The correlates of serious alcohol-related consequences and illicit drug use amongst a cohort of Scottish teenagers. BrJ7 Addict 1984;79: 197-200."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"935","article-title":"Drug and substance use among 3333 London adolescents","volume":"83","author":"Swadi, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Swadi H. Drug and substance use among 3333 London adolescents. BrJ,4ddict 1988;83:935-42."},{"key":"ref_12","article-title":"A survev ofdrug use amongyoung people in South Sefton in 1987prevalence and rask factors","author":"Newcombe, R.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Newcombe R. A survev ofdrug use amongyoung people in South Sefton in 1987prevalence and rask factors. South Sefton: South Sefton (Merseyside) District Health Authority, 1988.","journal-title":"Sefton (Merseyside) District Health Authority"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/001789698804700215","article-title":"Knowledge of drugs and consumption of alcohol among Nottingham 15-year-olds","volume":"47","author":"Bean, P.T.; Wilkinison, C.K.; Whynes, D.K.; Giggs, J.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bean PT, Wilkinison CK, Whynes DK, Giggs JA. Knowledge of drugs and consumption of alcohol among Nottingham 15-year-olds. Health Education Jounal 1988;47:79-81.","journal-title":"Health Education Jounal"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Illicit drug use in Portsmouth and Havant","author":"Brown, C.; Lawton, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brown C, Lawton J. Illicit drug use in Portsmouth and Havant. London: Policy Studies Institute, 1988.","journal-title":"London: Policy Studies Institute"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Smoking, drinking and other drug use among Dublin post-priman! school pupils","author":"Grube, J.W.; Morgan, M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Grube JW, Morgan M. Smoking, drinking and other drug use among Dublin post-priman! school pupils. Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute, 1986.","journal-title":"Dublin: Economic and Social Research Institute"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-7138(09)60936-5","article-title":"Epidemiological and psychological perspectives and adolescent drug use","volume":"21","author":"Kandel, D.B.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kandel DB. Epidemiological and psychological perspectives and adolescent drug use. Journal oJ-the Amenrcan Academy of Child Psychiatry 1982;21: 328-47.","journal-title":"Journal oJ-the Amenrcan Academy of Child Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1988.tb03976.x","article-title":"Peer influence and adolescent substance abuse: a promising side?","volume":"83","author":"Swadi, H.; Zeitlin, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Swadi H, Zeitlin H. Peer influence and adolescent substance abuse: a promising side? BrJ Addict 1988;83:153-7.","journal-title":"BrJ Addict"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"7ackling drug misuse: a summarv of the government's strategy","author":"Home Office","year":"1988","unstructured":"Home Office. 7ackling drug misuse: a summarv of the government's strategy. London: HMSO, 1988."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"741","article-title":"Drug education to school children: does it really work?","volume":"82","author":"Swadi, H.; Zeitlin, H.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Swadi H, Zeitlin H. Drug education to school children: does it really work? BrJAddict 1987;82:741-6.","journal-title":"BrJAddict"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Alcohol, drugs, and school-leavers","author":"Plant, M.A.; Peck, D.F.; Samuel, E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Plant MA, Peck DF, Samuel E. Alcohol, drugs, and school-leavers. London: Tavistock, 1985."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Prevention report of the advisory council on the misuse of drugs","author":"Home Office","year":"1984","unstructured":"Home Office. Prevention report of the advisory council on the misuse of drugs. London: HMSO, 1984."},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"Health Education Authority. Smoking education for teenagers project","year":"1987","unstructured":"Health Education Authority. Smoking education for teenagers project. London: Health Education Authority, 1987."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/40.1.1","article-title":"Effects of aspartame and glucose administration on brain and plasma levels of large neutral amino acids and brain. 5-hydroxyindoles","volume":"40","author":"Yokogoshi, H.; Roberts, C.H.; Caballers, B.; Wurtman, R.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Yokogoshi H, Roberts CH, Caballers B, Wurtman RJ. Effects of aspartame and glucose administration on brain and plasma levels of large neutral amino acids and brain. 5-hydroxyindoles. Amj Clin N\\utr 1984;40:1-7.","journal-title":"Amj Clin N\\utr"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"Aspartame: possible effects on seizure susceptibility. Lancet 1985","author":"Wurtman, R.J.","year":"1059","unstructured":"Wurtman RJ. Aspartame: possible effects on seizure susceptibility. Lancet 1985;ii: 1059."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"147","article-title":"Artificial sweeteners and appetite in man","volume-title":"calorie products","author":"PJ, Blundell J.E.Rogers; AJ, Hill","year":"1988","unstructured":"Blundell JE. Rogers PJ, Hill AJ. Artificial sweeteners and appetite in man. In: Birch GG, Lindley MG, eds. Low calorie products. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988:147-70."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:26:27Z","timestamp":1765488387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6717","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.99","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,13]]}}}