{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T22:11:29Z","timestamp":1784585489280,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6725","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]],"date-time":"1990-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":637027200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To assess premenopausal women with inflammatory changes on cervical cytology for genital infections and cervical abnormalities. DESIGN--Prospective study of women attending general practice and family planning clinics who had a recent cervical cytology result with inflammatory changes. SETTING--Department of genitourinary medicine. PATIENTS--102 Premenopausal women with recent cytology result showing inflammatory changes and with no history of antibiotic or antifungal treatment since their smear. INVESTIGATIONS--Genital examination and microbiological screening for genital infections; colposcopic examination about six weeks later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Detection of genital infections, particularly those sexually acquired, and abnormalities on colposcopy. RESULTS--Genital infections were isolated in 77 patients, and one or more sexually acquired infections were found in 22. Prevalence of sexually acquired infections was significantly correlated with younger age (particularly being under 25), being single, separated, or divorced; using non-barrier contraception; and recent change of sexual partner. An abnormality on colposcopy was found in 36 women. There was a strong correlation of a sexually acquired infection with an abnormality at colposcopy; hence younger women were more likely to have a colposcopic abnormality. CONCLUSIONS--Inflammatory changes on cytology are often associated with the presence of a sexually acquired infection and premalignant disease of the cervix, particularly in younger, single women using non-barrier contraception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"638-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Implications of inflammatory changes on cervical cytology."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"J D","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A J","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S A","family":"Kinghorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"A pilot study of the benefit of colposcopy as a further screening procedure within the communitv health service","volume":"8","author":"Kirkman, R.J.E.; Peel, J.M.; Fenton, D.W.; Sharp, F.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kirkman RJE, Peel JM, Fenton DW, Sharp F. A pilot study of the benefit of colposcopy as a further screening procedure within the communitv health service. Communiiv Med 1986;8:240-4.","journal-title":"Communiiv Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6564.117-b","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix of women without cytological signs of neoplasia","volume":"294","author":"Walkinshaw, S.A.; Roberts, A.D.G.; Cordiner, J.W.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Walkinshaw SA, Roberts ADG, Cordiner JW. Human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix of women without cytological signs of neoplasia. Br MedJ 1987;294: 117-8.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"879","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea iinfectiotis in women attending inner city general practices","volume":"287","year":"1983","unstructured":"Southgate LI, Treharne JI), Forsey 1I. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea iinfectiotis in women attending inner city general practices. BrMedj 1983;287:879-81.","journal-title":"BrMedj"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370130086029","article-title":"Roberts l'L, et al Criteria for selective screening for Chlamvdia trachomatis infection in women attending family planning clinics","volume":"255","author":"Hatsdsfield, H.H.; Jasman, L.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hatsdsfield HH, Jasman LL, Roberts l'L, et al Criteria for selective screening for Chlamvdia trachomatis infection in women attending family planning clinics. JAMA 1986;255: 1730-4.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198801000-00002","article-title":"Prevalence of lower genital tract infections in pregnancy","volume":"15","author":"Hill, L.V.H.; Luther, E.R.; Young, D.; Pereira, L.; Embil, J.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hill LVH, Luther ER, Young D, Pereira L, Embil JA. Prevalence of lower genital tract infections in pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 1988;15:5-10.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.9.933","article-title":"Terminology in gynaecological cytopathology: report of the working party of the British Society for Clinical Cytology","volume":"39","author":"Evans, D.M.D.; Hudson, E.A.; Brown, C.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Evans DMD, Hudson EA, Brown CL, et al. Terminology in gynaecological cytopathology: report of the working party of the British Society for Clinical Cytology. J Clin Pathol 1986;39:933-44.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"671","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the Papanicolaou stained cervical smear in the diagnosis of chlamydial trachomatis infection","volume":"5","author":"Geerling, S.; Nettum, J.A.; Lindner, L.E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Geerling S, Nettum JA, Lindner LE, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the Papanicolaou stained cervical smear in the diagnosis of chlamydial trachomatis infection. Acta Cvtologica 1985;5:671-5.","journal-title":"Acta Cvtologica"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"BSCC Working Party on Terminology in Gynaecological Cytopathology. Management of women with abnormal cervical smears. Bulletin oJ the Roval College ofPathologists","volume":"56","year":"1986","unstructured":"BSCC Working Party on Terminology in Gynaecological Cytopathology. Management of women with abnormal cervical smears. Bulletin oJ the Roval College ofPathologists. 1986; No 56:1-2."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:49:59Z","timestamp":1765489799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6725","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6725.638","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,3,10]]}}}