{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:46:40Z","timestamp":1787240800537,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6731","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,21]],"date-time":"1990-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":640656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine whether intrauterine growth retardation associated with normal umbilical artery blood flow is a benign condition. DESIGN--A prospective comparative study of growth retarded fetuses with normal and abnormal umbilical artery blood flow. SETTING--The fetal assessment clinic of a large maternity hospital in Ireland. PATIENTS--179 Women with singleton pregnancies in which the fetal abdominal circumference, measured by ultrasonography, was below the fifth centile for gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Perinatal deaths, fetal distress requiring caesarean section, preterm delivery, cerebral irritation. RESULTS--Of 124 fetuses with normal flow, all physically normal fetuses survived but one baby had cerebral irritation; there were six preterm deliveries and four caesarean sections for fetal distress. Among 55 women with abnormal flow there were two midtrimester abortions, three perinatal deaths, and one case of cerebral irritation in physically normal fetuses. CONCLUSIONS--Intrauterine growth retardation associated with normal umbilical blood flow is a different entity from that associated with abnormal flow, normal flow being largely benign and abnormal flow carrying a serious risk of adverse outcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6731.1044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"1044-1045","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Is intrauterine growth retardation with normal umbilical artery blood flow a benign condition?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Burke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S N","family":"Scanaill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Drumm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"621","article-title":"Examination of the placental circulation by Doppler ultrasound","volume":"298","author":"Redman, C.R.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Redman CR. Examination of the placental circulation by Doppler ultrasound. BrMedJ7 1989;298:621-2."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03284.x","article-title":"Umbilical artery velocity waveforms: poor association with small-for-gestational-age babies","volume":"96","author":"Dempster, J.; Mires, G.J.; Patel, N.; Taylor, D.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dempster J, Mires GJ, Patel N, Taylor DJ. Umbilical artery velocity waveforms: poor association with small-for-gestational-age babies. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1989;96:692-6.","journal-title":"BrJ Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Relationship of fetal hypoxia in growth retardation to mean blood velocity in the fetal aorta","volume":"ii:","author":"Soothill, P.W.; Nicolaides, K.H.; Bilardo, C.M.; Campbell, S.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Soothill PW, Nicolaides KH, Bilardo CM, Campbell S. Relationship of fetal hypoxia in growth retardation to mean blood velocity in the fetal aorta. Lancet 1986;ii: 1118-20.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Absence of enddiastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis","volume":"297","author":"Nicolaides, K.H.; Bilardo, C.M.; Soothill, P.W.; Campbell, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nicolaides KH, Bilardo CM, Soothill PW, Campbell S. Absence of enddiastolic frequencies in the umbilical artery: a sign of fetal hypoxia and acidosis. BrMedj 1988;297:1026-7.","journal-title":"BrMedj"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"343","article-title":"Fetal assessment based on fetal biophysical profile scoring experience in 12,620 referred high-risk pregnancies. AmJ3 Obstet Gynecol","volume":"151","author":"Manning, F.; Morrison, I.; Lange, I.R.; Harman, C.R.; Chamberlain, P.F.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Manning F, Morrison I, Lange IR, Harman CR, Chamberlain PF. Fetal assessment based on fetal biophysical profile scoring experience in 12,620 referred high-risk pregnancies. AmJ3 Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:343-50."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"367","article-title":"Fetal abdominal circumference as a predictor of menstrual age","volume":"139","author":"Hadlock, F.P.; Deter, R.L.; Harrist, R.B.; Park, S.K.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hadlock FP, Deter RL, Harrist RB, Park SK. Fetal abdominal circumference as a predictor of menstrual age. A7R 1982;139:367-70."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04613.x","article-title":"Fetal blood velocity waveforms in normal pregnancy","volume":"87","author":"Stuart, B.; Drumm, J.; FitzGerald, D.E.; Duignan, N.M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stuart B, Drumm J, FitzGerald DE, Duignan NM. Fetal blood velocity waveforms in normal pregnancy. BrJ Obstet Gynaecol 1980;87:780-5.","journal-title":"BrJ Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"60","article-title":"Anthropometric standards for Irish newborn","volume":"76","author":"Hayes, A.; Daly, L.; O'Brien, N.G.; McDonald, D.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hayes A, Daly L, O'Brien NG, McDonald D. Anthropometric standards for Irish newborn. IrMedJr 1983;76:60-70.","journal-title":"IrMedJr"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"The neurological examination of the full term newborn infant","author":"Prechtl, H.F.; Beintema, D.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Prechtl HF, Beintema D. The neurological examination of the full term newborn infant. London: Heinemann Medical for Spastics International, 1964."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1313","article-title":"Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates","volume":"2","author":"Morris, J.A.; Gardner, M.J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morris JA, Gardner MJ. Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates. BrMedJ 1988;2%:1313-6.","journal-title":"BrMedJ"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"83","article-title":"Congenital malformation and intrauterine growth retardation: a population study","volume":"82","author":"Khoury, M.J.; Erickson, J.D.; Cordero, J.F.; McCarthy, B.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Khoury MJ, Erickson JD, Cordero JF, McCarthy BJ. Congenital malformation and intrauterine growth retardation: a population study. Pediatrics 1987;82:83-90.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"666","article-title":"JJmbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms associated with major fetal abnormality. Br J7 Obstet Gynaecol","volume":"92","author":"Trudinger, B.J.; Cook, C.M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Trudinger BJ, Cook CM.JJmbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms associated with major fetal abnormality. Br J7 Obstet Gynaecol 1985;92: 666-70."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"239","article-title":"Ultrasonic measurement of fetal velocity waveforms as a secondary diagnostic test in screening for intrauterine growth retardation","volume":"16","author":"Marsal, K.; Persson, P.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Marsal K, Persson PH. Ultrasonic measurement of fetal velocity waveforms as a secondary diagnostic test in screening for intrauterine growth retardation. 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