{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:45:49Z","timestamp":1787237149506,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6738","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]],"date-time":"1990-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":644889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To identify the types of human papillomaviruses found in anogenital warts in children and to relate these to clinical and social information. DESIGN--In situ hybridisation using biotin labelled DNA probes to 11 types of human papillomavirus was performed on biopsy specimens from 17 children with anogenital warts. SETTING--Nuffield department of pathology and the department of dermatology, Oxford. PATIENTS--Children in one group were referred by general practitioners or paediatricians to the dermatology department, where biopsies were performed. The other children were seen in four different hospitals, and biopsy specimens were submitted to the laboratory at the physician's or pathologist's request. RESULTS--Of the 17 biopsy specimens, 10 contained cells positive with a probe to a genital human papillomavirus type (types 6 or 11), while six were positive with a skin virus type (types 2 or 3). One was negative. The virus type present bore no relation to the site or appearance of the warts. The virus type did, however, appear to correlate with groups of children. Skin types were commoner in older children (over 4 years), in those with a relative who had skin warts, and in children with warts elsewhere; there was no relation with the child's sex and no suspicion of sexual abuse in these children. These circumstances suggested non-sexual transmission, such as autoinoculation. In contrast, genital types were commoner in girls, in children under 3 years, in children with relatives with genital warts, and in those with no warts elsewhere. Nevertheless, there was suspicion or evidence of sexual abuse in only half these children, suggesting that other routes of transmission--for example, perinatal--might have been implicated. CONCLUSION--Anogenital warts in children may contain either skin or genital wart virus type. Although the type of human papillomavirus present may give some indication of the likely mode of transmission, this can be interpreted only in conjunction with all available clinical and social information. The type of virus does not provide proof of the presence or absence of sexual transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,2]],"date-time":"2009-04-02T15:19:55Z","timestamp":1238685595000},"page":"1491-1494","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Human papillomaviruses in anogenital warts in children: typing by in situ hybridisation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"300","author":[{"given":"A F","family":"Padel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V A","family":"Venning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M F","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A M","family":"Quantrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K A","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Demonstration of human papillomavirus types in paraffin processed tissue from human anogenital lesions by in-situ","volume":"152","author":"Wells, M.; Griffiths, S.; Lewis, F.; Bird, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wells M, Griffiths S, Lewis F, Bird C. Demonstration of human papillomavirus types in paraffin processed tissue from human anogenital lesions by in-situ DNA hybridisation.7Pathol 1987;152:77-82."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/00004347-198404000-00001","article-title":"Molecular heterogeneity of female genital wart (condvlomata acuminata) papillomaviruses","volume":"2","author":"Schneider, P.S.; Krumholz, B.A.; Topp, W.C.; Steinberg, B.M.; Abramson, A.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Schneider PS, Krumholz BA, Topp WC, Steinberg BM, Abramson AL. Molecular heterogeneity of female genital wart (condvlomata acuminata) papillomaviruses. Intj Gynecol Pathol 1984;2:329-36.","journal-title":"Intj Gynecol Pathol"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12276576","article-title":"Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type: proposal of a new nomenclature","volume":"85","author":"Gross, G.; Ikenberg, H.; Gissmann, L.; Hagedorn, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gross G, Ikenberg H, Gissmann L, Hagedorn M. Papillomavirus infection of the anogenital region: correlation between histology, clinical picture and virus type: proposal of a new nomenclature. J Invest DerBnatol 1985; 85:147-52.","journal-title":"J Invest DerBnatol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"932","article-title":"Molecular cloning of viral DNA from human genital warts.]","volume":"40","author":"de Villiers E-Mi; L, Gissman; zur Hausen H","year":"1981","unstructured":"de Villiers E-Mi, Gissman L, zur Hausen H. Molecular cloning of viral DNA from human genital warts.] Virol 1981;40:932-5."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"108","article-title":"Characterization of a new type of human papillomavirus that causes skin warts","volume":"24","year":"1977","unstructured":"Orth G, Favre M, Croissant 0. Characterization of a new type of human papillomavirus that causes skin warts. ] Virol 1977;24:108-20."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(77)90239-2","article-title":"Human papilloma viruses (HPV); characterization of four different isolates","volume":"76","author":"Gissmann, L.; Pfister, H.; zur Hausen, H.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gissmann L, Pfister H, zur Hausen H. Human papilloma viruses (HPV); characterization of four different isolates. Virology 1977;76:569-80.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient","volume":"138","author":"Goldenring, J.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goldenring JM. Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient. J Urol 1987;138: 1259-60.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660220039009","article-title":"New concepts of condyloma acuminata in children","volume":"122","author":"Bender, M.E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bender ME. New concepts of condyloma acuminata in children. Arch Dertnatol 1986;122: 1121-4.","journal-title":"Arch Dertnatol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1987.01660340025002","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in the evaluation of child sexual abuse","volume":"123","author":"Goldenring, J.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Goldenring JM. Condylomata acuminata in the evaluation of child sexual abuse. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:1265-6.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6635.1484-a","article-title":"Anogenital papillomavirus infection in children","volume":"296","author":"Oriel, J.D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Oriel JD. Anogenital papillomavirus infection in children. Br Med J 1988;296: 1484-5.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"548","article-title":"Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient","volume":"135","author":"Shelton, T.B.; Jerkins, G.R.; Noe, H.N.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Shelton TB, Jerkins GR, Noe HN. Condylomata acuminata in the pediatric patient. ] CUrol 1986;135:548-9."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"611","article-title":"Characterization of human papilloma virus types in condylomata acuminata in children by in situ hybridization","volume":"56","author":"Vallejos, H.; Del Mlistro, A.; Kleinhaus, S.; Braunstein, J.D.; Halwer, M.; Koss, L.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vallejos H, Del Mlistro A, Kleinhaus S, Braunstein JD, Halwer M, Koss LG. Characterization of human papilloma virus types in condylomata acuminata in children by in situ hybridization. Lab Invest 1987;56:611-5.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1986.01660220047012","article-title":"Genital tract papillomavirus infection in children","volume":"122","author":"Rock, B.; Naghashfar, Z.; Barnett, N.; Buscema, J.; J, Woodruff D.; Shah, K.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Rock B, Naghashfar Z, Barnett N, Buscema J, Woodruff D J, Shah K. Genital tract papillomavirus infection in children. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:1129-32.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"36","article-title":"Characterization of human papillomavirus DNA from genital warts in children","volume":"34","author":"Benton, E.C.; MacKinlay, G.A.; Barr, B.B.; Smith, I.W.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Benton EC, MacKinlay GA, Barr BB, Smith IW. Characterization of human papillomavirus DNA from genital warts in children. Br J Dermatol 1989;121(suppl 34):36.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)90987-1","article-title":"D)NA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sextual abuse ot children","volume":"ii:","author":"Fleming, K.A.; Venning, V.; Evans, M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fleming KA, Venning V, Evans M. D)NA typing of genital warts and diagnosis of sextual abuse ot children. Lancet 1987;ii:454.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670170097018","article-title":"Human papillomasirus: currenit concepts","volume":"125","author":"Androphv, E.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Androphv EJ. Human papillomasirus: currenit concepts. Arch Derma0) 1989;125:683-5.","journal-title":"Arch Derma0)"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.10.1066","article-title":"Human and viral gene detection in routine paraffin embedded tissue by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes: viral localisation in herpes encephalitis","volume":"39","author":"Burns, J.; Redfern, D.R.M.; Esiri, M.M.; JO'D, McGee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Burns J, Redfern DRM, Esiri MM, McGee JO'D. Human and viral gene detection in routine paraffin embedded tissue by in situ hybridisation with biotinylated probes: viral localisation in herpes encephalitis. 7 Clin Pathol 1986;39: 1066-73.","journal-title":"7 Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.4.381","article-title":"Parvovirus as a cause of hydrops fetalis: detection by in situ DNA hybridisation","volume":"41","author":"Porter, H.J.; Khong, F.Y.; Evans, M.F.; Chan, V.T.-W.; Fleming, K.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Porter HJ, Khong FY, Evans MF, Chan VT-W, Fleming KA. Parvovirus as a cause of hydrops fetalis: detection by in situ DNA hybridisation. J Clin Pathol 1988;41:381-3.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.8.897","article-title":"Non-isotopic detection of in situ nucleic acid in cervix: an updated protocol","volume":"41","author":"Burns, J.; Graham, A.K.; JO'D, McGee","year":"1988","unstructured":"Burns J, Graham AK, McGee JO'D. Non-isotopic detection of in situ nucleic acid in cervix: an updated protocol.J Clin Pathol 1988;41:897-9.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.38.10.1085","article-title":"Sensitive system for visualising biotinylated DNA probes in situ: rapid sex determination of intact cells","volume":"38","author":"Burns, J.; Chan, V.T.-W.; Jonasson, J.A.; Fleming, K.A.; Taylor, S.; JO'D, McGee","year":"1985","unstructured":"Burns J, Chan VT-W, Jonasson JA, Fleming KA, Taylor S, McGee JO'D. 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Human papillomaviruses: associations between laryngeal papillomas and genital warts. Pediatr Infect DisJ 1987;6:229-32.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect DisJ"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"487","article-title":"Papilloma of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree in children: a retrospective study","volume":"89","author":"Cohen, SR, Geller; KA, Seltzer; S, Thompson; J.W.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cohen SR, Geller KA, Seltzer S, Thompson JW. Papilloma of the larynx and tracheobronchial tree in children: a retrospective study. Ann Otol Rhinol Larvngol 1980;89:487-503."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.2.560","article-title":"Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers","volume":"80","author":"Gissmann, L.; Wolnik, L.; Ikenberg, H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gissmann L, Wolnik L, Ikenberg H, et al. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:560-3.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"236","article-title":"Anogenital warts contain several distinct species of Human Papillomavirus","volume":"36","author":"Krzyzek, R.A.; Watts, S.L.; Andersen, D.L.; Faras, A.J.; Pass, F.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Krzyzek RA, Watts SL, Andersen DL, Faras AJ, Pass F. Anogenital warts contain several distinct species of Human Papillomavirus. J3 l'irol 1980; 36:236-44."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T22:29:46Z","timestamp":1765492186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6738","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.300.6738.1491","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,9]]}}}