{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T02:31:29Z","timestamp":1784687489071,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6870","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]],"date-time":"1993-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":726537600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To reappraise the epidemiological findings reported by the Black Advisory Group concerning a possible excess of malignant disease, particularly of childhood acute lymphoid leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in the vicinity of the Sellafield nuclear installation, and to determine whether any excess of malignant disease had occurred among people aged 0-24 years in the area in the years after the Black report--that is, from 1984 to 1990. DESIGN--Calculation of incidence of cancer using data from population based cancer registries and special surveys. SETTING--England and Wales; county of Cumbria; county districts Allerdale and Copeland within Cumbria; Seascale ward within Copeland. SUBJECTS--All residents under the age of 75 years in the above areas, but with particular reference to those aged 0-24 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of cases and incidence particularly of lymphoid leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in those aged 0-24 years, but including other cancers and age groups. RESULTS--Previous reports of an increased incidence of cancer, especially of leukaemia, among those aged 0-24 years in Seascale during the period up to and including 1983 are confirmed. During 1984-90 there was an excess of total cancer among those aged 0-24 years. This was based on four cases including two cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma but none of leukaemia. There was an increased, but nonsignificant, incidence of other cancers, based on two cases (one pinealoma and one Hodgkin's disease) occurring among those aged 15-24 years during 1984-90. This was not observed in the younger age group or in previous years. For the immediately surrounding area--that is, the county districts of Allerdale and Copeland excluding Seascale and in the remainder of Cumbria--there was no evidence of an increased incidence of cancer among those aged 0-24 years in either period. CONCLUSIONS--During 1963-83 and 1984-90 the incidence of malignant disease, particularly lymphoid leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, in young people aged 0-24 in Seascale was higher than would be expected on the basis of either national rates or those for the surrounding areas. Although this increased risk is unlikely to be due to chance, the reasons for it are still unknown.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"89-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Cancer in Cumbria and in the vicinity of the Sellafield nuclear installation, 1963-90."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"G J","family":"Draper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C A","family":"Stiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R A","family":"Cartwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A W","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T J","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Investigation of the possible increased incidence of cancer in West Cumbria. Report of the Independent Advisory Group","author":"Black, D.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Black D. Investigation of the possible increased incidence of cancer in West Cumbria. Report of the Independent Advisory Group. London: HMSO, 1984."},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). Second report. Investigation of the possible increased incidence of leukaemia in youtng people near the Dounreay nuclear establishment, Caithness, Scotland","year":"1988","unstructured":"Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). Second report. Investigation of the possible increased incidence of leukaemia in youtng people near the Dounreay nuclear establishment, Caithness, Scotland. London: HMSO, 1988."},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). Third report. Report of the incidence of childhood cancer in the West Berkshire and North Hampshire area, in which are situated the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston and the Royal Ordnance Factory, Burghfield","year":"1989","unstructured":"Committee on the Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). Third report. Report of the incidence of childhood cancer in the West Berkshire and North Hampshire area, in which are situated the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston and the Royal Ordnance Factory, Burghfield. London: HMSO, 1989."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"476","article-title":"Geographical variation in mortality from leukaemia and other cancers in England and Wales in relation to proximity to nuclear installations, 1969-78","volume":"59","author":"Cook-Mozaffari, P.J.; Darby, S.C.; Doll, R.; Forman, D.; Hermon, C.; Pike, M.C.; Vincent, T.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cook-Mozaffari PJ, Darby SC, Doll R, Forman D, Hermon C, Pike MC, Vincent T. Geographical variation in mortality from leukaemia and other cancers in England and Wales in relation to proximity to nuclear installations, 1969-78. BrJCancer 1989;59:476-85.","journal-title":"BrJCancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6602.822","article-title":"Follow up study of children bom to mothers resident in Seascale, West Cumbria (birth cohort)","volume":"295","author":"Gardner, M.J.; Hall, A.J.; Downes, S.; Terrell, J.D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Hall AJ, Downes S, Terrell JD. Follow up study of children bom to mothers resident in Seascale, West Cumbria (birth cohort). BMJ 1987;295:822-7.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6602.819","article-title":"Follow up study of children bom elsewhere but attending schools in Seascale, West Cumbria (schools cohort)","volume":"295","author":"Gardner, M.J.; Hall, A.J.; Downes, S.; Terrell, J.D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Hall AJ, Downes S, Terrell JD. Follow up study of children bom elsewhere but attending schools in Seascale, West Cumbria (schools cohort). BMJ 1987;295:819-22.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6722.423","article-title":"Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria","volume":"300","author":"Gardner, M.J.; Snee, M.P.; Hall, A.J.; Powell, C.A.; Downes, S.; Terrell, J.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Snee MP, Hall AJ, Powell CA, Downes S, Terrell JD. Results of case-control study of leukaemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria. BM_ 1990;300:423-9.","journal-title":"BM_"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910400508","article-title":"A classification scheme for childhood cancer","volume":"40","author":"Birch, J.M.; Marsden, H.B.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Birch JM, Marsden HB. A classification scheme for childhood cancer. Intj Cancer 1987;40:620-4.","journal-title":"Intj Cancer"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Leukaemia and lymphoma. An atlas of distribution within areas of Etngland and Wales 1984-88","author":"Cartwright, R.A.; Alexander, F.E.; McKinney, P.A.; Ricketts, T.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cartwright RA, Alexander FE, McKinney PA, Ricketts TJ. Leukaemia and lymphoma. An atlas of distribution within areas of Etngland and Wales 1984-88. London: Leukaemia Research Fund, 1990."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"146","article-title":"Cancer registration in England and Wales: some aspects relevant to interpretation of the data","volume":"149","author":"Swerdlow, A.J.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Swerdlow AJ. Cancer registration in England and Wales: some aspects relevant to interpretation of the data. JR Statist SocA 1986;149:146-60.","journal-title":"JR Statist SocA"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"7","article-title":"The national registry of childhood tumours and the leukaemiaAlymphoma data for 1966-83","volume-title":"(OPCS Studies in Medical and Population Subjects No 53.); The geographical epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and nonHodgkin lymphontas in Great Britain 1966-83","author":"Stiller, C.A.; O'Connor, C.M.; Vincent, T.J.; Draper, G.J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stiller CA, O'Connor CM, Vincent TJ, Draper GJ. The national registry of childhood tumours and the leukaemiaAlymphoma data for 1966-83. In: Draper G, ed. The geographical epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and nonHodgkin lymphontas in Great Britain 1966-83. London: HMSO, 1991:7-16. (OPCS Studies in Medical and Population Subjects No 53.)"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"853","article-title":"The Northem Region Children's Malignant Disease Registry 1968-82: incidence and survival","volume":"56","author":"Craft, A.W.; Amineddine, H.A.; Scott, J.E.S.; Wagget, J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Craft AW, Amineddine HA, Scott JES, Wagget J. The Northem Region Children's Malignant Disease Registry 1968-82: incidence and survival. BrJCancer 1987;56:853-8.","journal-title":"BrJCancer"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"299","article-title":"United Kingdom-Manchester Children's Tumour Registry 1954-1970 and 1971-1983","volume-title":"International intcidence of childhood cancer","author":"Birch, J.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Birch JM. United Kingdom-Manchester Children's Tumour Registry 1954-1970 and 1971-1983. In: Parkin DM, Stiller CH, Draper GJ, Bieber CA, Terracini B, Young JL, eds. International intcidence of childhood cancer. Lyons: IARC, 1988:299-304. (IARC Scientific Publications, No 87.)"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"Cancer in young people in the North of England 1968-85. Analysis by census wards","author":"Craft, A.W.; Parker, L.; Openshaw, S.; Charlton, M.; Newell, J.; Birch, J.M.; Blair, V.","unstructured":"Craft AW, Parker L, Openshaw S, Charlton M, Newell J, Birch JM, Blair V. Cancer in young people in the North of England 1968-85. Analysis by census wards. J Epidemiol Community Health (in press).","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_15","article-title":"Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). The implications of the new data on the releases from Sellafield in the 1950s for the conclusions of the Report on the Investigation of the Possible Increased Incidence ofCancer in West Cumbria","year":"1986","unstructured":"Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMARE). The implications of the new data on the releases from Sellafield in the 1950s for the conclusions of the Report on the Investigation of the Possible Increased Incidence ofCancer in West Cumbria. London: HMSO, 1986."},{"key":"ref_16","article-title":"Occupational exposure of fathers to tonising radiation and the risk of leukaemia in offspring-a case-control study","author":"McLaughlin, JR, Anderson; TW, Clarke; EA, King; W.","year":"1992","unstructured":"McLaughlin JR, Anderson TW, Clarke EA, King W. Occupational exposure of fathers to tonising radiation and the risk of leukaemia in offspring-a case-control study. Ottawa: Atomic Energy Control Board, 1992."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1975.62","article-title":"Pre-natal irradiation and childhood malignancy: a review of British data from the Oxford Survey","volume":"31","author":"Bithell, J.F.; Stewart, A.M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bithell JF, Stewart AM. Pre-natal irradiation and childhood malignancy: a review of British data from the Oxford Survey. BrJ Cancer 1975;31:271-87.","journal-title":"BrJ Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93389-7","article-title":"Evidence from population mixing in British new towns 1946-85 of an infective basis of childhood leukaemia","volume":"336","author":"Kinlen, L.J.; Clarke, K.; Hudson, C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kinlen LJ, Clarke K, Hudson C. Evidence from population mixing in British new towns 1946-85 of an infective basis of childhood leukaemia. Lancet 1990;336:577-82.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6814.1357","article-title":"Childhood leukaemia and poliomyelitis in relation to military encampments in England and Wales in the period of national military service, 1950-63","volume":"303","author":"Kinlen, L.J.; Hudson, C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kinlen LJ, Hudson C. Childhood leukaemia and poliomyelitis in relation to military encampments in England and Wales in the period of national military service, 1950-63. BMJ 1991;303:1357-62.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"37","article-title":"Socio-economic factors and variations in incidence rates between country districts","volume-title":"(OPCS Studies in Medical and Population Subjects No 53.); The geographical epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Great Britain 1966-83","author":"Draper, G.J.; Vincent, T.J.; O'Connor, C.M.; Stiller, C.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Draper GJ, Vincent TJ, O'Connor CM, Stiller CA. Socio-economic factors and variations in incidence rates between country districts. In: Draper G, ed. The geographical epidemiology of childhood leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Great Britain 1966-83. London: HMSO, 1991:37-45. (OPCS Studies in Medical and Population Subjects No 53.)"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)93176-P","article-title":"Community lifestyle characteristics and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children","volume":"336","author":"Alexander, F.E.; McKinney, P.A.; Ricketts, T.J.; Cartwright, R.A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Alexander FE, McKinney PA, Ricketts TJ, Cartwright RA. Community lifestyle characteristics and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. Lancet 1990;336:1461-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T06:05:27Z","timestamp":1766383527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6870","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.306.6870.89","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,9]]}}}