{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:34:36Z","timestamp":1774452876685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6882","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,3]],"date-time":"1993-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":733795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine whether prolonged infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with a lower blood cholesterol concentration. DESIGN--Cross sectional study. SETTING--81 villages in rural China with a high prevalence of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus. SUBJECTS--1556 apparently healthy men aged 35-64 years, randomly selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Hepatitis B virus carrier state; plasma concentrations of cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A I. RESULTS--238 (15%) of the men were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, indicating that they were chronic carriers. Plasma concentration of cholesterol was 4.2% (0.11 mmol\/l) lower among carriers (that is, positive for hepatitis B surface antigen) than among non-carriers (95% confidence interval 0.6% to 8.0% (0.01 to 0.21 mmol\/l), p &lt; 0.05), and apolipoprotein B concentration was 7.0% (0.036 g\/l) lower (2.8% to 11.2% (0.014 to 0.058 g\/l), p &lt; 0.001). In contrast, no association was observed between plasma concentrations of cholesterol or apolipoprotein and hepatitis B that had been eradicated (that is, patient positive for hepatitis B core antibody but negative for hepatitis B surface antigen). CONCLUSIONS--Chronic hepatitis B virus infection, which usually starts in early childhood in China, seems to lead not only to a greatly increased risk of death from liver disease but also to a somewhat lower cholesterol concentration in adulthood. This common cause produces an inverse association between cholesterol concentration and risk of death from liver cancer or from other chronic liver diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6882.890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"890-894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prolonged infection with hepatitis B virus and association between low blood cholesterol concentration and liver cancer."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"Z","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Keech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T C","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Peto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"181","volume":"i:","author":"true","year":"1974","unstructured":"Rose G, Blackburn H, Keys A, Taylor HL, Kannel WB, Paul 0, et al. 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