{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T20:29:54Z","timestamp":1766435394737,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6889","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,22]],"date-time":"1993-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":738028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>How best can injecting drug misusers obtain clean injecting equipment in a city where drug injecting is widespread? An exchange service for needles and syringes throughout Glasgow has been established in health centres and clinics in the evening. Over the past four years seven new exchanges have been opened and over 2700 injecting drug misusers have attended. Attendances rose from under 1000 in 1988 to 28,000 in 1992. The exchanges also provide a wide range of other health and social services. Public hostility to the exchanges has abated. During the same period equipment sharing in the city diminished and the observed prevalence of HIV among injecting drug misusers stabilised at around 1%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6889.1394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"1394-1397","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Building a city wide service for exchanging needles and syringes."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"306","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Gruer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,5,22]]},"reference":[{"article-title":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. 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Needle exchange in central London: operating philosophy and communication strategies. AIDS Care 1989;1: 125-34.","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Injecting equipment exchange schemes, final report","author":"Stimson, G.B.; Alldritt, L.J.; Dolan, K.A.; Donoghoe, M.C.; Lark, R.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stimson GB, Alldritt LJ, Dolan KA, Donoghoe MC, Lark RA. Injecting equipment exchange schemes, final report. London: Goldsmith's College, 1988."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198909000-00003","article-title":"The impact of needle and syringe-exchange programme in Amsterdam on injecting risk behaviour","volume":"3","author":"Hartgers, C.; Buning, E.C.; van Santen, G.W.; Verster, A.D.; Countinho, R.A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hartgers C, Buning EC, van Santen GW, Verster AD, Countinho RA. The impact of needle and syringe-exchange programme in Amsterdam on injecting risk behaviour. 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Reduction in needle sharing among community-wide samples of injecting drug users. International Journal of Sexualy Transmitted Disease and AIDS 1992;3:288-90.","journal-title":"International Journal of Sexualy Transmitted Disease and AIDS"},{"article-title":"What distinguishes needle exchange attenders from non-attenders?","author":"Elliott, L.; Frischer, M.","key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Elliott L, Frischer M. What distinguishes needle exchange attenders from non-attenders? Addiction (in press)."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"356","article-title":"Distribution of HIV and acute hepatitis B infection among drug injectors in Glasgow","volume":"2","author":"Gruer, L.D.; Peedle, M.; Carrington, D.; Clements, G.B.; Follett, E.A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gruer LD, Peedle M, Carrington D, Clements GB, Follett EA. Distribution of HIV and acute hepatitis B infection among drug injectors in Glasgow. 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