{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T01:28:06Z","timestamp":1785806886571,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6897","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]],"date-time":"1993-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":742867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To study factors affecting uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation. DESIGN--Cohort study using data from computerised child health systems. SETTING--10 health districts in North East Thames and North West Thames regions. SUBJECTS--7841 children born in January to March 1990 and resident in the districts up till the end of October 1991. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Overall uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation, variation of uptake among groups of children, and odds ratio of being vaccinated against measles, mumps, and rubella. RESULTS--The overall uptake rate of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation for the study cohort in the 10 districts was 82%. Wide variation was identified among children with different demographic characteristics. Lower uptake was associated with absent or incomplete primary immunisation, including omission of pertussis vaccine. Other factors affecting uptake included the type of resident district, birth order, where registered for immunisation (general practitioner or clinic), and one parent family status. CONCLUSIONS--Many districts have difficulties in meeting the 90% target for measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation, mainly because of the characteristics of their local population. To increase overall coverage, the health service should target families with adverse factors, especially those whose children have missed previous immunisations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"168-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Factors affecting uptake of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Social Security. Immunisation against infectious disease","author":"Department of Health and","year":"1988","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security. Immunisation against infectious disease. London: HMSO, 1988."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6534.1501","article-title":"mumps and rubella: the need for a change in immunisation policy","volume":"292","author":"Walker, D.; Carter, H.; Measles, Jones I.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Walker D, Carter H, Jones I. Measles, mumps and rubella: the need for a change in immunisation policy. BMJ 1986;292:1501-2.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_3","article-title":"Measles vaccine once or MMR twice","volume":"67","author":"editorial","year":"1986","unstructured":"Measles vaccine once or MMR twice [editorial]. Lancet 1986;ii:67 1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"732","article-title":"Rubella vaccination in the UK: time for a complete strategy","volume":"ii:","author":"E, Miller C.L.Miller","year":"1986","unstructured":"Miller CL. Miller E. Rubella vaccination in the UK: time for a complete strategy. Lancet 1986;ii:732.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.1.3","article-title":"Measles immunisation: why have we failed?","volume":"58","author":"Campbell, A.G.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Campbell AGM. Measles immunisation: why have we failed? Arch Dis Child 1983;58:3-5.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6828.682","article-title":"Vaccine coverage: recent trends and future prospects","volume":"304","author":"White, J.M.; Gillam, S.J.; Begg, N.T.; Farrington, C.P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"White JM, Gillam SJ, Begg NT, Farrington CP. Vaccine coverage: recent trends and future prospects. BMJ 1992;304:682-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"808","article-title":"Immunisation: causes of failure and strategies and tactics for success","volume":"299","author":"Nicoll, A.; Elliman, D.; Begg, N.T.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Nicoll A, Elliman D, Begg NT. Immunisation: causes of failure and strategies and tactics for success. BMg 1988;299:808-12."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(89)80051-4","article-title":"Tower Hamlets Health Authority measles immunisation initiative 1987-88","volume":"103","author":"Hertogs, D.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hertogs D. Tower Hamlets Health Authority measles immunisation initiative 1987-88. Public Health 1989;103:421-6.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(05)80342-7","article-title":"A successful measles campaign as a model for achieving high uptakes of MMR","volume":"104","author":"Hodes, D.T.; Timms, S.L.; Gill, O.N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hodes DT, Timms SL, Gill ON. A successful measles campaign as a model for achieving high uptakes of MMR. Public Health 1990;104:27-3 1.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6506.1370","article-title":"Immunisation targets in Europe and Britain","volume":"291","author":"Begg, N.T.; Noah, N.D.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Begg NT, Noah ND. Immunisation targets in Europe and Britain. BMJ 1985;291:1370-1.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Immunisation against infectious disease","author":"of Health, Department","year":"1990","unstructured":"Department of Health. Immunisation against infectious disease. London: HMSO, 1990."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1704","article-title":"Identification of underprivileged areas","volume":"286","author":"Jarman, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jarman B. Identification of underprivileged areas. BM7 1983;286:1704-9."},{"key":"ref_13","article-title":"SAS user's guide: statistics. Version 5","author":"SAS Institute","year":"1985","unstructured":"SAS Institute. SAS user's guide: statistics. Version 5. Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute, 1985."},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"The Peckham report-nationlal isnmunisation study: factors influencing immuntisation uptake in childhood","author":"Peckham, C.; Bedford, H.; Senturia, Y.; Ades, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Peckham C, Bedford H, Senturia Y, Ades A. The Peckham report-nationlal isnmunisation study: factors influencing immuntisation uptake in childhood. London: Action Research for the Crippled Child, 1989."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"28","article-title":"Why children are not immunised","volume":"21","author":"Hull, D.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hull D. Why children are not immunised. J R Coil Physicians Lend 1987;21:28-3 1.","journal-title":"J R Coil Physicians Lend"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6809.1035","article-title":"Comparison of immunisation rates in general practice and child health clinics","volume":"303","author":"Li, J.; Taylor, B.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Li J, Taylor B. Comparison of immunisation rates in general practice and child health clinics. BMJ 1991;303:1035-8.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref_17","first-page":"16","article-title":"Primary and preschool immunisation in Grampian: progress and the 1990 contract","volume":"304","author":"Ritchie, L.D.; Bisset, A.F.; Russell, D.; Leslie, V.; Thomson, I.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ritchie LD, Bisset AF, Russell D, Leslie V, Thomson I. Primary and preschool immunisation in Grampian: progress and the 1990 contract. BMJ 1992;304:8 16-9.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6639.1775","article-title":"Uptake of immunisation in district health authorities in England","volume":"296","author":"Jarman, B.; Bosanquet, N.; Rice, P.; Dollimore, N.; Leese, B.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jarman B, Bosanquet N, Rice P, Dollimore N, Leese B. Uptake of immunisation in district health authorities in England. BMJ 1988;296: 1775-8.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"16","article-title":"Immunisation uptake and family size","volume":"25","author":"Li, J.; Taylor, B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Li J, Taylor B. Immunisation uptake and family size. Health Trends 1993;25: 16-9.","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.64.3.304","article-title":"Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccination","volume":"64","author":"Marks, J.S.; Halpin, T.J.; nI, Irvin; Johnson, D.A.; Keller, JR","year":"1979","unstructured":"Marks JS, Halpin TJ, Irvin nI, Johnson DA, Keller JR. Risk factors associated with failure to receive vaccination. Pediatrics 1979;64:304-9.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6767.31","article-title":"Immunisation state of young children admitted to hospital and effectiveness of a ward based opportunistic immunisation policy","volume":"302","author":"Riley, D.J.; Mughal, M.Z.; Roland, J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Riley DJ, Mughal MZ, Roland J. Immunisation state of young children admitted to hospital and effectiveness of a ward based opportunistic immunisation policy. BM_ 1991;302:31-3.","journal-title":"BM_"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6569.423","article-title":"Immunisation of children by a nurse without a doctor present","volume":"294","author":"Jefferson, N.; Sleight, G.; Macfarlane, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jefferson N, Sleight G, Macfarlane A. Immunisation of children by a nurse without a doctor present. BMJ 1987;294:423-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"Secretary of State for Health. Health of the nation. A consultative document for health in England","year":"1991","unstructured":"Secretary of State for Health. Health of the nation. A consultative document for health in England. London: HMSO, 1991. (Cm 1523.)"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"312","article-title":"Low immunisation uptake rates in an inner city health district: fact or fiction?","volume":"13","author":"Jefferies, S.; McShane, S.; Oerton, J.; Victor, C.R.; Beardow, R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jefferies S, McShane S, Oerton J, Victor CR, Beardow R. Low immunisation uptake rates in an inner city health district: fact or fiction? J Public Health Med 1991;13:312-7.","journal-title":"J Public Health Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:38:00Z","timestamp":1766428680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6897","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6897.168","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,7,17]]}}}