{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:07:43Z","timestamp":1778630863195,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6900","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]],"date-time":"1993-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":744681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To describe risk behaviours for infection with HIV in male sexual partners of female prostitutes. DESIGN--A cross sectional study. SETTING--Genitourinary medicine clinic, St Mary's Hospital, London. SUBJECTS--112 self identified male sexual partners of female prostitutes: 101 who reported commercial sexual relationships only, five who reported non-commercial relationships only, and six who reported both commercial and non-commercial relationships. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Reported risk behaviours for infection with HIV. RESULTS--Of the 40 men who had had previous HIV tests or were tested during the study, two (5%) were infected with HIV. Of the men who would answer the questions, 34\/94 reported having sex with other men, 2\/105 reported using injected drugs, 8\/105 had a history of blood transfusion, 14\/108 reported a past history of gonorrhoea, 44\/102 reported paying for sex abroad, and 8\/92 said that they had also been paid for sex. Of the 55 men who reported paying for vaginal intercourse in the past year, 45 (82%) said that they had always used a condom. In contrast, of the 11 non-paying partners of prostitutes, only two (18%) reported ever using a condom with their partners. CONCLUSIONS--Men who have sex with female prostitutes cannot be assumed to be at risk of infection with HIV only by this route: homosexual contact may place them at greater risk. Despite the heterogeneity among male sexual partners of prostitutes, patterns of use of condoms were uniform when they were considered as a reflection of the type of relationship a man had with a female prostitute rather than a consequence of an individual's level of risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"359-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Prostitution and risk of HIV: male partners of female prostitutes."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Perrotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"The importance of core groups in the epidemiology and control of HIV infection","volume":"l):","author":"Plummer, F.A.; Nagelkerke, N.J.D.; Moses, S.; Ndinya-Achola, J.O.; Bwayo, J.; Ngugi, E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Plummer FA, Nagelkerke NJD, Moses S, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo J, Ngugi E. The importance of core groups in the epidemiology and control of HIV infection. AIDS 1991;5(suppl l):S169-76.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"273","article-title":"HIV exposure among clients of prostitutes","volume":"1988","author":"Wallace, J.; Mann, J.; Beatrice, S.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wallace J, Mann J, Beatrice S. HIV exposure among clients of prostitutes. In: Organising Committee, ed. Proceedings of IV international conference on AIDS, June 12-16, 1988, Stockholm. Stockholm: Organising Committee, 1988:273. (Abstract 4055.)","journal-title":"Proceedings of IV international conference on AIDS; Organising Committee"},{"key":"ref_3","series-title":"Proceedings of IV international conference on AIDS","article-title":"No association between HIV-1 seropositivity and prostitute contact in New York City","author":"Chiasson, N.A.; Stonebumer, R.; Lifson, A.; Hildebrandt, D.; Jaffe, H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Chiasson NA, Stonebumer R, Lifson A, Hildebrandt D, Jaffe H. No association between HIV-1 seropositivity and prostitute contact in New York City. In: Organising Committee, ed. Proceedings of IV international conference on AIDS, June 12-16, 1988, Stockholm. Stockholm: Organising Committee, 1988:273. (Abstract 4053.)"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"183","article-title":"Prostitution","volume-title":"Recent advances in STD and AIDS-4","author":"Ward, H.; Day, S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ward H, Day S. Prostitution. In: Harris JRW, Forster S, eds. Recent advances in STD and AIDS-4. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1990:183-99."},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Women working: prostitution now","author":"McLeod, E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"McLeod E. Women working: prostitution now. London: Croom Helm, 1982."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"593","article-title":"Interactions between persons at risk for AIDS and the general population in Denmark","volume":"135","author":"Melbye, M.; Biggar, R.J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Melbye M, Biggar RJ. Interactions between persons at risk for AIDS and the general population in Denmark. AmJEpidemiol 1992;135:593-602.","journal-title":"AmJEpidemiol"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"356","article-title":"Prostitution and risk of HIV: female prostitutes in London","volume":"307","author":"Ward, H.; Day, S.; Mezzone, J.; Dunlop, L.; Donegan, C.; Farrar, S.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ward H, Day S, Mezzone J, Dunlop L, Donegan C, Farrar S, et al. Prostitution and risk of HIV: female prostitutes in London. BM7 1993;307: 356-8."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"88","article-title":"Anthropological perspectives on sexually transmnitted diseases","volume-title":"publique et maladies a transmission sexuelle","author":"Day, S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Day S. Anthropological perspectives on sexually transmnitted diseases. In: Job-Spira N, Spencer B, Moalti JP, Bouvet E, eds. Sante publique et maladies a transmission sexuelle. Paris: John Libbey Eurotext, 1990:88-97."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:51:18Z","timestamp":1766429478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6900","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.359","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,8,7]]}}}