{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T12:15:53Z","timestamp":1789820153819,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6912","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,30]],"date-time":"1993-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":751939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES--To determine whether beta carotene is therapeutically equivalent to retinyl palmitate in the formulation currently recommended by the World Health Organisation. DESIGN--Randomised blind equivalence trial. SETTING--Rural area in Senegal. SUBJECTS--Children aged 2-15 years suffering from vitamin A deficiency as defined by abnormal results on eye cytology were randomly allocated treatment with retinyl palmitate (n = 256) and beta carotene (n = 254). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Reversion to normal results on eye cytology as defined by the reappearance of goblet cells and normalisation of the epithelial cells. RESULTS--Seven weeks after the supplement was given the percentages were 51.2% (124\/242) children taking retinyl palmitate and 50.0% (123\/246) of those taking beta carotene, who had reverted to normal eye cytology, a difference of 1.2% (95% confidence interval 6.2% to 8.6%) [corrected]. According to an equivalence testing procedure, the two treatments were statistically equivalent; the null hypothesis of non-equivalence was rejected (one tailed p value = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS--beta Carotene supplementation seems to be a promising candidate for the alleviation of vitamin A deficiency. It could be given either as high dose capsule or through increased dietary intake. The challenge now is to improve dietary intake of vitamin A in programmes that are effective and sustainable at the community level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6912.1106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"1106-1110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A randomised controlled trial to test equivalence between retinyl palmitate and beta carotene for vitamin A deficiency."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Carlier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Coste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Etchepare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"P\u00e9riquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Am\u00e9d\u00e9e-Manesme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Administrative Committee on Coordination, Subcommittee on Nutrition. 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