{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T15:56:04Z","timestamp":1791474964190,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6914","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]],"date-time":"1993-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":753148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE--To determine if the oil spillage from the tanker Braer had any immediate health effects on the exposed resident population. DESIGN--Cohort study with a comparison against controls, exposure status being assigned on the basis of geographical location. SETTING--Rural Shetland. SUBJECTS--All those resident on or after 5 January 1993 (day 0) within 4.5 km of the site of tanker's grounding. Controls matched for sex and age were drawn from a general practice list 95 km distant. OUTCOME MEASURES--Demographic details; smoking and alcohol consumption; perception of health and reported presence or absence of specific symptoms; peak expiratory flow; results of haematology, liver and renal function tests, and blood and urine toxicology. RESULTS--Of subjects contacted, 420 (66%) exposed people and 92 (68%) controls were studied; 56 non-attenders were surveyed. Principal health effects arose on days 1 and 2 and were headache, throat irritation, and itchy eyes. No significant differences between those exposed and controls were found for any of the biological markers. Toxicological studies did not show any exposures that are known to affect human health. CONCLUSIONS--The study confirmed the anecdotal reports of certain acute symptoms. No evidence of pulmonary, haematological, renal, or hepatic damage was detected at the population level. Toxicological samples from exposed people did not find levels known to affect human health. Further studies are required to ascertain whether there have been any long term effects on the population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,30]],"date-time":"2009-03-30T08:16:37Z","timestamp":1238400997000},"page":"1251-1255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Initial effects of the grounding of the tanker Braer on health in Shetland. The Shetland Health Study Group."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"307","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Crum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Christie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Brewster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"230","article-title":"Shetland oil spill prompts health checks on islanders","volume":"306","author":"Christie, B.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Christie B. Shetland oil spill prompts health checks on islanders. BMJ 1993;306:230.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Islanders fear health risk from the polluted mist of spilled oil","author":"Smith, G.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Smith G. Islanders fear health risk from the polluted mist of spilled oil. The Herald 1993;9 January: 1,5.","journal-title":"The Herald"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Toxicity and troubled waters","author":"Dalyell, T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dalyell T. Toxicity and troubled waters. New Scientist 1993;20 February:50.","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"483","article-title":"Carcinogenic potential of petroleum hydrocarbons. A critical review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Bingham, E.; Trosset, R.P.; Warshansky, D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bingham E, Trosset RP, Warshansky D. Carcinogenic potential of petroleum hydrocarbons. A critical review of the literature. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1979;3:483-563.","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"367","article-title":"Impacts of the oil spill Amoco Cadiz on human biology","volume":"94","author":"Menez, JR, Berthou; F, Picaut; D, Riche; C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Menez JR, Berthou F, Picaut D, Riche C. Impacts of the oil spill Amoco Cadiz on human biology. PennArBed 1978;94:367-78.","journal-title":"PennArBed"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Health hazard evaluation report. HETA 89-200 and 89-273-2111, Exxon\/Valdez Alaska oil spill. Cincinnati: Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, US Department of Health and Human Services","author":"Gorman, R.W.; Berardinelli, S.P.; Bender, T.R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gorman RW, Berardinelli SP, Bender TR. Health hazard evaluation report. HETA 89-200 and 89-273-2111, Exxon\/Valdez Alaska oil spill. Cincinnati: Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1991."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"455","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of the petroleum industry","volume-title":"Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3","author":"Delzell, E.; Austin, H.; Cole, P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Delzell E, Austin H, Cole P. Epidemiologic studies of the petroleum industry. In: Weaver NK, ed. Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1988:455-75."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6876.519-a","article-title":"Shetland oil spill","volume":"306","author":"Campbell, D.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Campbell DM. Shetland oil spill. BMJ 1993;306:519.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Epi Info, version 5: a word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers","author":"Dean, A.G.; Dean, J.A.; Burton, A.H.; Dicker, R.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dean AG, Dean JA, Burton AH, Dicker RC. Epi Info, version 5: a word processing, database, and statistics program for epidemiology on microcomputers. Stone Mountain, GA: USD Inc, 1990."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1","article-title":"What tums an oil spill into a disaster?","volume":"1","author":"Pearce, F.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pearce F. What tums an oil spill into a disaster? New Scientist 1993;30 January: 1 1-3.","journal-title":"New Scientist"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"136","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative aspects of crude oil composition","volume":"642","author":"Smith, H.M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Smith HM. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of crude oil composition. Bureau ofMines Bulletin 1968;642:136.","journal-title":"Bureau ofMines Bulletin"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"409","article-title":"Petroleum: its composition, analysis and processing","volume-title":"Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3","author":"King, R.W.","year":"1988","unstructured":"King RW. Petroleum: its composition, analysis and processing. In: Weaver NK, ed. Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1988:409-30."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"445","article-title":"Toxicology of petroleum hydrocarbons","volume-title":"Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3","author":"MacFarland, H.N.","year":"1988","unstructured":"MacFarland HN. Toxicology of petroleum hydrocarbons. In: Weaver NK, ed. Occupational medicine: state of the art reviews. Vol 3. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 1988:445-54."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"537","article-title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-a review","volume":"3","author":"Zedeck, M.S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Zedeck MS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-a review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1980;3:537-67.","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"16","article-title":"Occupational exposure limits","volume":"21","author":"Health; Executive, Safety","year":"1993","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive. Occupational exposure limits 1993. London: HMSO, 1993. (EH40\/93.) 16 Goldstein DH, Bendit JN. An epidemiologic study of an oil mist exposure. Arch Environ Health 1970;21:600-3.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health; An epidemiologic study of an oil mist exposure"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"473","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and lung function in oil mist-exposed workers","volume":"24","author":"Jarvholn, B.; Bake, B.; Lavenius, B.; Thiringer, G.; Vokmann, R.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jarvholn B, Bake B, Lavenius B, Thiringer G, Vokmann R. Respiratory symptoms and lung function in oil mist-exposed workers. J Occup Med 1982;24:473-9.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"11","article-title":"Toxicity to man. In: Health and Safety Executive","volume":"4","author":"Fielder, R.J.; Sorrie, G.S.; Bishop, C.M.; Gompertz, D.; Fletcher, A.P.; Van den Heuvel, M.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fielder RJ, Sorrie GS, Bishop CM, Gompertz D, Fletcher AP, Van den Heuvel MJ. Toxicity to man. In: Health and Safety Executive. Benzene. Toxicity review 4. London: HMSO, 1982:11-24.","journal-title":"Benzene. Toxicity review"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"34","article-title":"Toxicity to humans. In: Health and Safety Executive. Toluene. Toxicity review 20","author":"Bell, G.M.; Battershill, J.M.; Shillaker, R.O.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bell GM, Battershill JM, Shillaker RO. Toxicity to humans. In: Health and Safety Executive. Toluene. Toxicity review 20. London: HMSO, 1989:34-48."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"25","article-title":"Toxicity to humans. In: Health and Safety Executive. Xylenes. Toxicity review 26","author":"Bell, G.M.; Shillaker, R.O.; Padgham, M.D.J.; Standring, P.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bell GM, Shillaker RO, Padgham MDJ, Standring P. Toxicity to humans. In: Health and Safety Executive. Xylenes. Toxicity review 26. London: HMSO, 1992:25-8."},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Lowermoor Incident Health Advisory Group. Water pollution in Lowermoor, North Cornwall","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lowermoor Incident Health Advisory Group. Water pollution in Lowermoor, North Cornwall. Truro: Comwall and Isles of Scilly Health Authority, 1989."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Lowermoor Incident Health Advisory Group. Water pollution in Lowermoor, North Cornwall. Second report","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lowermoor Incident Health Advisory Group. Water pollution in Lowermoor, North Cornwall. Second report. London: HMSO, 1990."}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:40:38Z","timestamp":1766508038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6914","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.307.6914.1251","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1993,11,13]]}}}