{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:56:39Z","timestamp":1766516199220,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6926","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,12]],"date-time":"1994-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":761011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To compare the effects of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections on outcome of pregnancy, infant mortality, and child survival, and to measure serological concordance between mothers and children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Retrospective cohort study with cross sectional study of concordance for HIV antibodies. Setting - Hospital, tuberculosis clinic, and maternal and child health centre in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, west Africa.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 986 women who had had a total of 2758 pregnancies since 1980. The last born children of 194 of these women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Pregnancy outcomes; mortality for all children born since 1980; and outcome for last born children. Serological concordance between mothers and last born children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Women with HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections had higher rates of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth than uninfected women (86\/769 in HIV-1 positive women, 48\/421 in HIV-2 positive, 31\/234 in dually reactive, and 96\/1131 in uninfected). Compared with children born to uninfected mothers (mortality 10.3%), greater proportions of children of HIV-1 positive (20.6%) and dually reactive (20.3%) mothers had died; mortality in children of HIV-2 infected women (13.1%) was not significantly increased. Infant mortalities for the last born children of HIV-1 positive, dually reactive, HIV-2 positive, and seronegative women were, respectively, 133, 82, 32, and 40 per 1000 live births. Nine of 77 last born children of HIV-1 positive mothers were concordantly seropositive compared with none of 21 children of HIV-2 infected mothers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Maternal HIV-2 infection has less influence on child survival than infection with HIV-1, probably because of a lower vertical transmission rate.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6926.441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:20:05Z","timestamp":1319743205000},"page":"441-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Retrospective study of maternal HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and child survival in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"K M","family":"De Cock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Zadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Adjorolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M O","family":"Diallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Sassan-Morokro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Ekpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Sibailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Doorly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Batter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Brattegaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Gayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199308000-00027","article-title":"Estimating the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Report of a workshop on methodological issues, Ghent (Belgium), 17\u201320 February 1992","volume":"7","author":"Dabis","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198906223202501","article-title":"Perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to infants of seropositive women in Zaire","volume":"320","author":"Ryder","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198910000-00004","article-title":"Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and infant survival in Brazzaville, Congo","volume":"3","author":"Lallemant","year":"1989","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450160058029"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S89","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198901001-00013","article-title":"Epidemiology of HIV-2","volume":"3","author":"De Cock","year":"1989","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.6","first-page":"S21","article-title":"HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and AIDS in west Africa","volume":"5","author":"De Cock","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92682-8","article-title":"Vertical transmission of HIV-2","volume":"335","author":"Matheron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)92132-6","article-title":"Prevalence and mortality from HIV type 2 in Guinea Bissau, west Africa","volume":"ii","author":"Gnaore","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199009000-00008"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.10","first-page":"25","article-title":"Lack of evidence of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in a sample of the general population in Bissau","volume":"5","author":"Poulsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.11","first-page":"19","article-title":"HIV-1 and HIV-2 seroprevalence rates in mother-child pairs living in the Gambia (west Africa)","volume":"5","author":"Del Mistro","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199205000-00013","article-title":"HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in children in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire","volume":"5","author":"Gayle","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199307000-00013","article-title":"A prospective study of vertical transmission of HIV-2 in Bissau, Guinea Bissau","volume":"7","author":"Andreasson","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122309313420000_308.6926.441.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199005000-00010","article-title":"A comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in hospitalized patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire","volume":"4","author":"De 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