{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T15:12:53Z","timestamp":1789225973796,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6935","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,16]],"date-time":"1994-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":766454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1994,1,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To validate a method for salivary diagnosis of measles and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of notified cases of measles. Design - Blood and saliva samples were collected within 90 days of onset of symptoms from patients clinically diagnosed as having measles and tested for specific IgM by antibody capture radiommunoassay.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 17 districts in England and one in southern Ireland during August 1991 to February 1993.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 236 children and adults with measles notified by a general practitioner.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Specific IgM was detected in serum in only 85 (36%) of the 236 cases.In cases associated with outbreaks and tested within six weeks of onset, 53\/57 (93%) of samples were IgM positive, thereby confirming the sensitivity of serum IgM detection as a marker of recent infection. The serological confirmation rate was lower in cases with a documented history of vaccination (13\/87; 15%) than in those without (70\/149; 47%) and varied with age, being lowest in patients under a year, of whom only 4\/36 (11%) were confirmed. Measles specific IgM was detected in 71\/77 (92%) of adequate saliva samples collected from patients with serum positive for IgM. In cases where measles was not confirmed, 6\/101 had rubella specific IgM and 5\/132 had human parvovirus B19 specific IgM detected in serum.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The existing national surveillance system for measles, which relies on clinically diagnosed cases, lacks the precision required for effective disease control. Saliva is a valid alternative to serum for IgM detection, and salivary diagnosis could play a major role in achieving measles elimination. Rubella and parvovirus B19 seem to be responsible for a minority of incorrectly diagnosed cases of measles in the United Kingdom and other infectious causes of measles-like illness need to be sought.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6935.1015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:21:28Z","timestamp":1319743288000},"page":"1015-1017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Salivary diagnosis of measles: a study of notified cases in the United Kingdom, 1991-3"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"308","author":[{"given":"D W G","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M E B","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A F","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.1","unstructured":"Department of Health .Immunisation against infectious disease.London: HMSO,1988."},{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.2","first-page":"R71","article-title":"COVER (Cover of vaccination evaluated rapidly): 25","volume":"3","author":"White","year":"1993","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Report"},{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6839.1440-b"},{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.304.6827.637"},{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890400312","article-title":"The detection of measles, mumps and rubella antibodies in saliva using antibody capture radioimmunoassay","volume":"40","author":"Perry","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025122310083127000_308.6935.1015.6","first-page":"73","volume":"1","author":"Mortimer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Non-invasive virological diagnosis: are saliva and urine specimens adequate for blood? 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