{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:52:51Z","timestamp":1766519571431,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6958","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]],"date-time":"1994-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":780969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1994,8,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the psychological impact of cardiac and cardiopulmonary transplantation on children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective cross sectional study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    One British centre performing paediatric heart and heart-lung transplant operations, four cardiac units in London, three London schools, two London health centres, and the dental department of a London children's hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects:<\/jats:bold>\n                    65 children who had been given heart or heart-lung transplants and two reference groups of 52 children who had had other types of cardiac surgery and 45 healthy children.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Development, cognition,20and behaviour at home and at school as assessed by measures with proved validity and reliability. Results - Developmental and cognitive measures indicated that children given transplants had significantly lower scores on several parameters, particularly in terms of development in children under 4 1\/2 years of age. Performance on all tests, however, was within the normal range. There were no significant differences in behavioural ratings between the transplant and reference groups, though problem behaviour at home was more prevalent in the transplant group.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Though cognitive development may be within the normal range, there are adverse psychological effects associated with cardiac and cardiopulmonary transplantation. These data indicate the need for a controlled prospective study20in which children and their families are seen before and at regular intervals after transplantation. Interventions should be developed that are tailored to the particular needs of this very specialised group of paediatric patients and their families.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6958.837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:30:25Z","timestamp":1319743825000},"page":"837-841","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Cognitive function and behavioural status in paediatric heart and heart-lung transplant recipients: the Harefield experience"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"309","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Wray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C Pot","family":"Mees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R Radley","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Yacoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1994,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banner NR Khaghani A Fitzgerald M Mitchell AG Radley-Smith R Yacoub M . The expanding role of cardiac transplantation. In: Unger F , ed. Assisted circulation III. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1989:448-67.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74404-4_40"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yacoub MH Banner NR . Recent developments in lung and heart-lung transplantation. In: Morris P , ed. Transplantation reviews. Vol 3. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1989:1-29.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-470X(89)80003-5"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.3","unstructured":"Pless IB Satterwhite BB . Family functioning and family problems. In: Haggerty RJ Roghman KJ Pless IB , eds. Child health and the community. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1975:41-54."},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.4","first-page":"441","article-title":"Heart transplantation in children.","volume":"4","author":"Pennington","year":"1985","journal-title":"Heart Transplantation"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.5","first-page":"743","article-title":"Late follow-up of children after heart transplantation.","volume":"20","author":"Pahl","year":"1988","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.1.138","article-title":"Experience with heart transplantation in children.","volume":"79","author":"Fricker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.7","first-page":"329","article-title":"Pediatric heart transplantation: quality of life.","volume":"6","author":"Lawrence","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Heart Transplantation"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406073102303","article-title":"Cognitive function and age at repair of transposition of the great arteries in children.","volume":"310","author":"Newburger","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.2307\/1129669","article-title":"Later competence and adaptation in infants who survive severe heart defects.","volume":"54","author":"O'Dougherty","year":"1983","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1970.tb08984.x","article-title":"Longitudinal studies of intellectual and behavioural development in children with congenital heart disease.","volume":"59","author":"Linde","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.128.2.185"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.12","first-page":"101","article-title":"Emotional and social effects of congenital heart disease in Singapore.","volume":"22","author":"Kong","year":"1986","journal-title":"Australian Paediatric Journal"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5532.103","article-title":"Impact of congenital heart disease on the family: preliminary report","volume":"i","author":"Apley","year":"1967","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(73)80262-8"},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.15","unstructured":"Pot-Mees C . The psychosocial effects of bone marrow transplantation in children. Delft: Eburon, 1989."},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.16","unstructured":"Griffiths R . The abilities of young children. A comprehensive system of mental measurement for the first eight years of life. London: Child Development Research Centre, 1970."},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.17","unstructured":"Elliot CD . The British ability scales. Introductory handbook, technical handbook and manual for administration and scoring. Windsor: NFER-Nelson, 1983."},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.18","unstructured":"Schonell FJ Schonell FE . Diagnostic and attainment testing. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1949."},{"key":"2025122311481424000_309.6958.837.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1971.tb01047.x","article-title":"A behavioural screening questionnaire for use with three-year old children. 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Psychiatric assessment of the adjustment of transplanted children. In: Simmons RG Klein S Simmons RL , eds. Gift of life. The social and psychological impact of organ transplantation. 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