{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T02:35:32Z","timestamp":1774665332048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6972","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]],"date-time":"1995-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":790041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1994,11,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n : To determine the patterns of preventive to reactive prescribing for asthma among general practices in the City and East London Family Health Services Authority area and their relation to prescribing cost.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n : Descriptive study of asthma prescribing during April 1992 to March 1993. Prescribing data were linked with general practice and population data on one database.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Setting<\/jats:bold>\n : City and East London Family Health Services Authority area, including all general practices in contract with the authority, which covers the inner city London Boroughs of Hackney, Tower Hamlets, and Newham and the Corporation of the City of London.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n : All 163 general practices as at 1 June 1993.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n : Ratios of prescribed inhaled corticosteroids plus cromoglycates (prophylactic treatment) to bronchodilators; distribution of the cost of asthma prescribing; distribution of overall generic prescribing; proportion of asthma generic prescribing; distribution of cost of overall drugs prescribed per prescribing unit.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n : Practices approved for band 3 health promotion or asthma surveillance and those with a general practitioner trainer had on average higher ratios of prophylactic to bronchodilator treatment and significantly higher asthma drug costs than other practices. Those practices with high levels of overall generic prescribing had significantly higher prophylactic to bronchodilator ratios than thosewith lower levels of generic prescribing. Practices with higher levels of asthma drug generic prescribing also had significantly higher prophylactic prescribing. However, the proportion of generically prescribed asthma drugs was lower than overall generic prescribing. There was no correlation between the ratio of prophylactic to bronchodilator asthma prescribing and the proportion of overall drugs expenditure, but high spending practices spent significantly more on asthma drugs.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n : Pressure to reduce the cost of asthma prescribing may lead to a lowering of the ratio of prophylactic to bronchodilator treatments. However, reducing prophylactic prescribing would run contrary to the British Thoracic Society guidelines and might worsen the quality of asthma care.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Key messages<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Key messages<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Practices approved for vocational training, asthma surveillance, or band 3 health promotion show a higher level of prophylactic prescribing<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n A higher level of prophylactic prescribing suggests that these practices are fo<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n In asthma prescribing good clinical practice and cost consciousness do not seem to run together<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Pressure to reduce the costs of asthma prescribing may lead to a reduction in prophylactic treatment and lower the quality of asthma care<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:32:17Z","timestamp":1319743937000},"page":"97-100","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Appropriate prescribing in asthma and its related cost in east London"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"310","author":[{"given":"Jeannette","family":"Naish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Sturdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Toon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.1","unstructured":"Audit Commission .A prescription for improvement. London: HMSO,1994."},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6873.310","article-title":"FHSAs and prescribing.","volume":"306","author":"Panton","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6796.225","article-title":"Explaining outputs of primary health care: population and practice factors.","volume":"303","author":"Baker","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.4","unstructured":"Department of Health .Health service indicators 1991\u20131992. London: NHS Management Executive,1993."},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6880.776","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of asthma: a summary.","volume":"306","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)92995-3","article-title":"Has the management of asthma improved?","volume":"ii","author":"Hay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lance"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(89)80062-9","article-title":"Management of asthma in general practice.","volume":"83","author":"Horn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6877.559","article-title":"National asthma attack audit 1991\u20132.","volume":"306","author":"Neville","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.9","first-page":"197","article-title":"Prevalence and management of asthma in a London inner city general practice.","volume":"40","author":"Gellert","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.10","first-page":"239","article-title":"Nocturnal asthma: a study in general practice.","volume":"39","author":"Turner-Warwick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.11","unstructured":"City and East London Health Authority .Health in the east end. Annual public health report statistical supplement 1994\/95. London: CELHA,1994."},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.1.2.110"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6626.900","article-title":"Some patterns of prescribing by urban general practitioners.","volume":"296","author":"McGavock","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.14","unstructured":"Harris CM Heywood PL Clayden AD .The analysis of prescribing in general practice: a guide to audit and research. London: HMSO,1990."},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.15","unstructured":"Joint Formulary Committee .British national formulary. No 23. London: British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,1992:3.1, 3.2, 3.3."},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.308.6929.637","article-title":"Measuring prescribing: the shortcomings of the item.","volume":"308","author":"Bogle","year":"1994","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122508275569000_310.6972.97.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6902.485","article-title":"Age, sex, and temporary resident originated units (ASTRO-PUs): new weightings for analysing prescribing of general practices in England.","volume":"307","author":"Roberts","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T16:28:04Z","timestamp":1766680084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6972","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.310.6972.97","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1,14]]}}}