{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:44:53Z","timestamp":1789181093699,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7003","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,19]],"date-time":"1995-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":808790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To investigate long term mortality among women who smoked during pregnancy and those who stopped smoking.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A follow up of a geographically defined cohort from 1966 through to 1993.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 11994 women in northern Finland expected to deliver in 1966, comprising 96% of all women giving birth in the area during that year. Smoking habits were recorded during pregnancy but not later.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measure<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Mortality by cause (571 deaths).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The mortality ratio adjusted for age, place of residence, years of education and marital status was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 2.8) for the women who smoked during pregnancy and 1.6 (1.1 to 2.2) for those who stopped smoking before the second month of pregnancy, both compared with non-smokers. Among the smokers the relative mortality was higher for typical diseases related to tobacco intake, such as respiratory and oesophageal cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular and digestic organs and also for accidents and suicides.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The risk of premature death seems to be higher in women who smoke during pregnancy than in other women who smoke. This may be explained either by the low proportion of those who stop later and the high proportion of heavy smokers or by other characteristics of thesesubjects that increase the risk.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7003.477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:36:47Z","timestamp":1319744207000},"page":"477-480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A 28 year follow up of mortality among women who smoked during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Rantakallio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esa","family":"Laara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Koiranen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Health consequences of maternal smoking during pregnancy.","volume":"11","author":"Rantakallio","year":"1983","journal-title":"Public Health Rev"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Groups at risk in low birth weight infants and perinatal mortality.","volume":"193","author":"Rantakallio","year":"1969","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Scand"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00180.x","article-title":"The longitudinal study of the Northern Finland birth cohort of 1966.","volume":"2","author":"Rantakallio","year":"1988","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.4","unstructured":"World Health Organisation .Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death. Geneva: World Health Organisation,1977."},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.5","unstructured":"Breslow NE Day NE .Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol II. The design and analysis of cohort studies.Lyons: International Agency for Research on Cancer,1987. (IARC Scientific Publication No 82.)"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life tables.","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.7","unstructured":"Dixon WJ edBMDP Statistical Software Manual. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press,1990."},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90086-R","article-title":"Women's lung cancer mortality, socioeconomic status and changing smoking patterns.","volume":"32","author":"Pugh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90025-V"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.280.6219.967","article-title":"Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observation on female British doctors.","volume":"280","author":"Doll","year":"1980","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122108293829000_311.7003.477.11","unstructured":"Hammond EC .Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women: epidemiology study of cancer and other chronic diseases. 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