{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:20:07Z","timestamp":1791037207930,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7013","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,28]],"date-time":"1995-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":814838400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To investigate whether low vitamin E status is a risk factor for incident non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Population based follow up study with diabetes assessed at baseline and at four years.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Eastern Finland.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Random sample of 944 men aged 42-60 who had no diabetes at the baseline examination.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Intervention<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Oral glucose tolerance test at four year follow up.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : A man was defined diabetic if he had either (a) a fasting blood glucose concentration &gt;\/=6.7 mmol\/l, or (b) a blood glucose concentration &gt;\/=10.0 mmol\/l two hours after a glucose load, or (c) a clinical diagnosis of diabetes with either dietary, oral, or insulin treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 45 men developed diabetes during the follow up period. In a multivariate logistic regression model including the strongest predictors of diabetes, a low lipid standardised plasma vitamin E (below median) concentration was associated with a 3.9-fold (95% confidence interval 1.8-fold to 8.6-fold) risk of incident diabetes. A decrement of 1 \u00b5mol\/l of uncategorised unstandardised vitamin E concentration was associated with an increment of 22% in the risk of diabetes when allowing for the strongest other risk factors as well as serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : There was a strong independent association between low vitamin E status before follow up and an excess risk of diabetes at four years. This supports the theory that free radical stress has a role in the causation of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7013.1124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:38:04Z","timestamp":1319744284000},"page":"1124-1127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Increased risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four year follow up study in men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Jukka T","family":"Salonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Nyyssonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi-Pekka","family":"Tuomainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pekka H","family":"Maenpaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Korpela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P","family":"Helmrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(88)90036-6"},{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.2","unstructured":"Halliwell B Gutteridge JMC . Free radicals in biology and medicine. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989."},{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinclair AJ Lunec J Cirling AJ Barnett AH . Modulators of free radical activity in diabetes mellitus: role of ascorbic acid. In: Emerit I Change B eds. Free radicals and aging. Basle: Birkhauser Verlag, 1992: 342\u201352.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7460-1_34"},{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00401070"},{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a072637","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and free radicals. Free radicals, transition metals and oxidative stress in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus and complications.","volume":"49","author":"Wolff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"2025122208194860000_311.7013.1124.6","unstructured":"Loven DP Oberley LW . 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