{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T03:54:47Z","timestamp":1788407687313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7021","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]],"date-time":"1995-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":819676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To test whether red and white wines are as potent as bismuth salicylate against the bacteria responsible for traveller's diarrhoea to try to explain wine's legendary reputation as a digestive aid.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Red and white wine, bismuth salicylate, two solutions containing ethanol (diluted absolute ethanol and tequila), and sterilised water were tested against suspensions of salmonella, shigella, and Escherichia coli to determine relative antibacterial activity. Suspensions of 107 colony forming units of shigella, salmonella, and E coli were added to the test solutions and plated on standard nutrient agar at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes and 24 hours. Dilutions of wine and bismuth salicylate were then tested with E coli as the test bacterium, and the experiment repeated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Exposure times necessary for eradication of organisms for the different solutions; decreases in colony counts at the different exposure times for dilutions of wine and bismuth salicylates.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Undiluted wine and bismuth salicylate were both effective in reducing the number of viable organisms (by 105-106 colony forming units) after 20-30 minutes. Dilutions of wine were much more effective in decreasing colony counts than were similar dilutions of bismuth salicylate.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The antibacterial property of wine is largely responsible for wine's reputation as a digestive aid.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:38:44Z","timestamp":1319744324000},"page":"1657-1660","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Wine as a digestive aid: comparative antimicrobial effects of bismuth salicylate and red and white wine"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"311","author":[{"given":"Martin E","family":"Weisse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bardwell","family":"Eberly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A","family":"Person","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300290019013"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.29.4.625"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.12.2075","article-title":"Binding and killing of bacteria by bismuth subsalicylate.","volume":"33","author":"Sox","year":"1989","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_1.S9","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of bismuth subsalicylate.","volume":"12","author":"Cornick","year":"1990","journal-title":"Review of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_1.S11","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity of bismuth subsalicylate and other bismuth salts.","volume":"12","author":"Manhart","year":"1990","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.6","first-page":"395","article-title":"\u201cA glass a day keeps the doctor\u2026\u201d","volume":"56","author":"Pickleman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.7","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Everyday things in Ancient Greece","volume":"80","year":"1954"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.8","unstructured":"Durant W .The life of Greece. New York: Simon and Schuster,1939:45."},{"issue":"suppl 146","key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528809099126","article-title":"Alcohol and gastric acid secretion in humans: a short review.","volume":"23","author":"Singer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)91309-T","article-title":"Effect of alcohol and alcoholic beverages on meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion in humans.","volume":"98","author":"Hajnal","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.46.2.328-332.1983","article-title":"Incidence of bacterial enteropathogens in foods from Mexico.","volume":"46","author":"Wood","year":"1983","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0385-114","article-title":"The chemistry of garlic and onions.","volume":"252","author":"Block","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sci Am"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.14","unstructured":"Majno G .The healing hand. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,1975: 186\u20138."},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.15","first-page":"658","article-title":"Survival of enteric pathogens in common beverages: an in vitro study.","volume":"83","author":"Sheth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.16","first-page":"24","article-title":"Recherches sur l'action bactericide des vins rouges.","volume":"91","author":"Masquelier","year":"1953","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Societe de Pharmacie de Bordeaux"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"2025122209280510000_311.7021.1657.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_1.S16","article-title":"Antisecretory and antiinflammatory properties of bismuth subsalicylate.","volume":"12","author":"Ericsson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Reviews of Infectious Diseases"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:28:43Z","timestamp":1766424523000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7021","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.311.7021.1657","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,23]]}}}