{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T12:33:44Z","timestamp":1773318824877,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7032","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]],"date-time":"1996-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":826934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1995,12,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:bold>\n : To evaluate the success of the south Powys hydatid control programme by analysis of trends in cystic disease in humans and sheep and dog infestation.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Design<\/jats:bold>\n : A review of hospital admissions for human hydatid disease in 1984-90, abattoir prevalence surveys of hydatid cysts in adult sheep, arecoline acetarsol and coproantigen surveys of prevalence of Echinococcus infestation in dogs.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Setting<\/jats:bold>\n : All hospitals in England and Wales, three abattoirs, and dog populations in mid and south east Wales.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n : Residents of England and Wales admitted to hospital between 1984 and 1990 with a new diagnosis of human hydatid disease (International Classification of Diseases (ICD), ninth revision, code 122) acquired in the United Kingdom.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results<\/jats:bold>\n : The average annual incidence of human hydatid disease in Powys, mid-Wales, fell from 3.9 x 10\n -5<\/jats:sup>\n in 1974-83 to 2.3 x 10\n -5<\/jats:sup>\n in 1984-90. Age specific incidence rates in Wales declined over this period only in children, and no cases occurred in children (<15 years) in Powys. Two Welsh children who lived in Gwent and mid-Glamorgan were infected. Prevalence of hydatid cysts in old sheep from south Wales declined during the control period, but in 1993 prevalence of cysts was 13%. Prevalence of E granulosus infestation was zero in the control area in 1993, but it was 2.4% in Powys dogs outside the control area in 1989 and 9.2% in dogs in Gwent in 1991.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n : Human hydatid disease has been successfully controlled in south Powys but cystic echinococcosis is still endemic in sheep in mid-Wales, and there is a focus of infection in humans, sheep, and dogs in the bordering areas of Gwent and mid-Glamorgan. There is considerable potential for an upsurge in human cases if control measures are relaxed.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n \n \n Key messages<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Humans are infected by ingesting eggs of the dog tapeworm, which the dog acquires by eating sheep offal containing hydatid cysts<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Regular dosing of dogs with praziquantel has eliminated infestation of dogs in the control area and reduced prevalence in sheep<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n No cases in children occurred in Powys, but there were cases outside of the control area in Gwent and mid-Glamorgan<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n Prevalence of hydatid cysts in old sheep in Powys and Gwent is still high and control measures must be continued and the control area extended<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T15:07:32Z","timestamp":1320073652000},"page":"674-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Control of hydatid disease in Wales: Table 1"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"S R","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A H","family":"Biffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P S","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1986.tb03769.x","article-title":"Echinococcosis\/hydatidosis and the south Powys control scheme.","volume":"27","author":"Walters","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Small Animal Practice"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.129.4.73"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102.12.257"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800066553","article-title":"The changing incidence of human hydatid disease in England and Wales.","volume":"99","author":"Palmer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.5","unstructured":"Gemmell MA Eckert J Soulsby EJL .FAO\/UNEP\/WHO guidelines for surveillance, prevention and control of echinococcosis\/hydatidosis.Geneva:World Health Organisation,1981."},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.6","unstructured":"Francis B Green M Payne C , eds. The GLIM system release 4 manual.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1993."},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.7","unstructured":"Swan AV .Statistical methods. In: Oxford textbook of public health..Vol 2.2nd ed.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991."},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061801","article-title":"Coproantigen detection for immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis and taeniasis in dogs and humans.","volume":"104","author":"Allan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(94)00680-B"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.10","unstructured":"Thomas TDL .Hydatid disease: an epidemiological study of hydatid disease in Wales.Liverpool:Liverpool University,1966. (MD thesis.)"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(80)90022-9"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.131.2.39"},{"key":"2025122308505510000_312.7032.674.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1994.11812895","article-title":"Echinococcus granulosus infections in the dogs of Kathmandu, Nepal.","volume":"88","author":"Baronet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T16:51:05Z","timestamp":1766508665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7032","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.312.7032.674","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,3,16]]}}}