{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:55:20Z","timestamp":1773053720666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7038","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,27]],"date-time":"1996-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":830563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1996,1,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To examine the prevalence and predictors of psychiatric problems in children with hemiplegia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Cross sectional questionnaire survey of an epidemiological sample with individual assessments of a representative subgroup. The questionnaire survey was repeated on school age subjects four years later.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 428 hemiplegic children aged 2 1\/2-16 years, of whom 149 (aged 6-10 years) were individually assessed.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Psychiatric symptom scores and the occurrence of psychiatric disorder.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Psychiatric disorders affected 61% (95% confidence interval 53% to 69%) of subjects as judged by individual assessments and 54% (49% to 59%) and 42% (37% to 47%) as judged from parent and teacher questionnaires, respectively. Few affected children had been in contact with child mental health services. The strongest consistent predictor of psychiatric problems was intelligence quotient (IQ), which was highly correlated with an index of neurological severity; age, sex, and laterality of lesion had little or no predictive power.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Though most hemiplegic children have considerable emotional or behavioural difficulties, these psychological complications commonly go unrecognised or untreated. Comprehensive health provision for children with chronic neurodevelopmental disorders such as hemiplegia should be psychologically as well as physically oriented.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>They are almost equally common accompani- ments of left and right hemiplegias<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>They are best predicted by IQ, possibly as a marker for underlying neurobiological abnormalities<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>These difficulties often go untreated, com- pounding the child's other difficulties<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7038.1065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1320074511000},"page":"1065-1069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Psychiatric problems in children with hemiplegia: cross sectional epidemiological survey"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Goodman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.1","unstructured":"Rutter M Graham P Yule W . A neuropsychiatric study in childhood. Clinics in developmental medicine. Nos 35-36. London: SIMP with Heinemann, 1970."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1975.tb03522.x","article-title":"Psychological disorders in crippled children. 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London: Academic Press, 1977:125\u00e2\u0080\u009337."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00618.x","article-title":"Screening for behaviour problems in nurseries: the reliability and validity of the preschool behaviour checklist","volume":"27","author":"McGuire","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1967.tb02175.x","article-title":"A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: preliminary findings","volume":"8","author":"Rutter","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01289.x","article-title":"A modified version of the Rutter parent questionnaire including items on children's strengths: a research note","volume":"35","author":"Goodman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.149.6.760"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.114.510.563"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01418.x","article-title":"Rating child psychiatric caseness from detailed case histories","volume":"37","author":"Goodman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.12","unstructured":"Wechsler D . The Wechsler intelligence scale for children - revised edition. New York: The Psychological Corporation, 1974."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.13","unstructured":"Goodman R Yude C . IQ and its predictors in childhood hemiplegia. Dev Med Child Neurol (in press)."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.14","unstructured":"Rutter M Tizard J Whitmore K . Education, health and behaviour. London: Longman, 1970."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.15","unstructured":"World Health Organisation . The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 1993."},{"key":"2025122309220925000_312.7038.1065.16","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. 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