{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:26:45Z","timestamp":1774686405441,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7045","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,15]],"date-time":"1996-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":834796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1996,4,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To determine whether prepregnancy pituitary suppression of luteinising hormone secretion with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue improves the outcome of pregnancy in ovulatory women with a history of recurrent miscarriage, polycystic ovaries, and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Randomised controlled trial.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Specialist recurrent miscarriage clinic.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 106 women with a history of three or more consecutive first trimester miscarriages, polycystic ovaries, and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Interventions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Women were randomised before conception to receive pituitary suppression with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue followed by low dose ovulation induction and luteal phase progesterone (group 1) or were allowed to ovulate spontaneously and then given luteal phase progesterone alone or luteal phase placebo alone (group 2). No drugs were prescribed in pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Conception and live birth rates over six cycles.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Conception rates in the pituitary suppression and luteal phase support groups were 80% (40\/50 women) and 82% (46\/56) respectively (NS). Live birth rates were 65% (26\/40) and 76% (35\/46) respectively (NS). In the luteal phase support group there was no difference in the outcome of pregnancy between women given progesterone and those given placebo pessaries. Live birth rates from an intention to treat analysis were 52% (26\/50 pregnancies) in the group given pituitary suppression and 63% (35\/56) in the controls (NS).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Prepregnancy suppression of high luteinising hormone concentrations in ovulatory women with recurrent miscarriage and hypersecretion of luteinising hormone does not improve the outcome of pregnancy. The outcome of pregnancy without pituitary suppression is excellent.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone seems not to be causally related to early pregnancy loss<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Further research should be directed at other endocrine factors controlling implantation<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Excellent live birth rates can be achieved with supportive care alone in a specialised clinic<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7045.1508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:41:16Z","timestamp":1319744476000},"page":"1508-1511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Does suppressing luteinising hormone secretion reduce the miscarriage rate? Results of a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"312","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Clifford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Franks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01113.x","article-title":"Reduced in-vitro fertilisation of human oocytes from patients with raised basal luteinising hormone levels during the follicular phase.","volume":"92","author":"Stanger","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59776-3","article-title":"Spontaneous luteinizing hormone surge and cleavage of in vitro fertilized embryos.","volume":"49","author":"Punnonen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6655.1024","article-title":"Influence of serum luteinising hormone concentrations on ovulation, conception, and early pregnancy loss in polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"297","author":"Homburg","year":"1988","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92765-A"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.7","first-page":"60","article-title":"Influence of elevated luteinising hormone during the follicular phase on fertility as assessed in a natural cycle IVF programme.","volume":"6","author":"Verma","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"2025122310004682000_312.7045.1508.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6655.1027","article-title":"Recurrent early miscarriage and polycystic 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