{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T19:01:53Z","timestamp":1766516513945,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7055","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]],"date-time":"1996-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":840844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1996,6,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and serological markers for hepatitis B virus infection in patients with HIV.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Cross sectional survey.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Aquitaine, southwestern France, 1991-94.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 1935 HIV positive patients seen at least once since June 1991.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Presence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus were detected by second or third generation enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and markers for hepatitis B virus detected by ELISA.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The prevalence was 42.5% (823) for antibodies to hepatitis C virus, 56.4 (507) for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, 6.9% (133) for hepatitis B surface antigen, 30.2% (584) for antibodies to hepatitis B core and surface antigen with no detectable surface antigen, 26.2% (507) for antibodies to core antigen only, and 4.8% (92) for antibodies to surface antigen only. The prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus was 86.1% (726\/843) in subjects who had bloodborne HIV infection and 7.3% (66\/899) in those with sexually acquired infection. The prevalence of markers for hepatitis B was higher among homosexuals than in the other groups of patients, except for antibodies to surface antigen alone. The relation between markers for hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus was negative among men but positive among women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    : The results favour the hypothesis that hepatitis C virus is sexually transmitted much less commonly than either HIV or hepatitis B virus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,31]],"date-time":"2011-10-31T16:59:49Z","timestamp":1320080389000},"page":"461-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Prevalence and determinants of antibodies to hepatitis C virus and markers for hepatitis B virus infection in patients with HIV infection in Aquitaine"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"313","author":[{"given":"F","family":"Saillour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Dabis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Dupon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Trimoulet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Rispal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Monlun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J-M","family":"Ragnaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Morlat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J-L","family":"Pellegrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Couzigou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2496467"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(92)90087-T"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.3","first-page":"774","article-title":"GECSA. Hospital-based surveillance of HIV infection: Bordeaux, France, 1983-1990.","volume":"5","author":"Dabis","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.4","first-page":"47","article-title":"Le depistage des seropositivites au VIH en Aquitaine de 1989 a 1993.","volume":"3","author":"Brice","year":"1994","journal-title":"Solidarite Sante"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/17.1.117"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.2.414"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0270-9139(94)90750-1"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890440110","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus antibody prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected individuals: analysis with different test systems.","volume":"44","author":"Nubling","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.9","first-page":"219","article-title":"GECSA. Seroprevalence de l'hepatite virale C chez les sujets infectes par le virus de l'Immunodeficience humaine.","volume":"21","author":"Ladner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90485-6","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus antibodies among risk groups in Spain","volume":"ii","author":"Esteban","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1992.32993110750.x"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V82.3.1000.1000","article-title":"Evidence of hepatitis in patients receiving transfusions of blood components containing antibody to hepatitis C.","volume":"82","author":"Aoki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.13","first-page":"185","article-title":"Le depistage du VIH, de la syphilis et des hepatites B et C dans les etablissements de transfusion sanguine.","volume":"39","author":"Pillonel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bulletin Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.14","unstructured":"Reseau National de Sante Publique. Groupe de l'Action concertee Hepatite C: resultats et propositions. Saint Maurice, France: RNSP, 1995."},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.15","first-page":"1","article-title":"The hepatobiliary manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.","volume":"83","author":"Lebovics","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036161","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infections among injecting drug users: seroprevalence, risk factors and viral interactions.","volume":"16","author":"Levine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03280250051022"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.5.831"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140111"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.20","first-page":"97","article-title":"High specificity of hepatitis C second-generation enzyme immunoassay in HIV-infected patients.","volume":"9","author":"Flomenberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025122310542482000_313.7055.461.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.5.1361"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T18:54:34Z","timestamp":1766516074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7055","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.313.7055.461","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-8138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,24]]}}}