{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:46:32Z","timestamp":1791308792423,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7105","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,16]],"date-time":"1997-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":871689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To examine the association between birth weight and non-fatal adult cardiovascular disease while controlling for potential confounders such as socioeconomic group and adult lifestyle.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Retrospective self report of birth weight in an ongoing longitudinal cohort of nurses followed up by postal questionnaire every two years.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Nurses' health study, a cohort of 121 700 women followed up since 1976.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Non-fatal cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, and stroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Among the 70 297 women free of cardiovascular disease at baseline who reported birth weight in the 1992 questionnaire there were 1309 first cases of non-fatal cardiovascular disease. Increasing birth weight was associated with decreasing risk of non-fatal cardiovascular disease. There were 1216 first cases of non-fatal cardiovascular disease among women who were singletons and had been born full term; their relative risks adjusted for several cardiovascular risk factors were 1.49 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.10) for birth weight &lt;2268 g (&lt;5 lb 0 oz); 1.25 (0.98 to 1.61) for birth weight 2268-2495 g (5 lb 0 oz to 5 lb 8 oz); 1.12 (0.98 to 1.27) for birth weight &gt;2495-3175 g (&gt;5 lb 8 oz to 7 lb 0 oz); 1.00 (referent) for birth weight &gt;3175-3856 g (&gt;7 lb 0 oz to 8 lb 8 oz); 0.96 (0.80 to 1.15) for birth weight &gt;3856-4536 g (&gt;8 lb 8 oz to 10 lb 0 oz); and 0.68 (0.46 to 1.00) for birth weight &gt;4536 g (&gt;10 lb 0 oz) (P value for trend=0.0004). The inverse trend was apparent for both coronary heart disease and stroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These data provide strong evidence of an association between birth weight and adult coronary heart disease and stroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Birth weight and mortality from cardiovascular disease are inversely associated in adult women<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>This study found that birth weight and the risk of non-fatal cardiovascular disease is also inversely associated in adult women for both coronary heart disease and stroke<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>This association is driven by the 13% of women born at the extremes of birth weight<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>It seems to be largely independent of established cardiovascular risk factors also associated with birth weight: adult body weight, hypertension, and diabetes<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>It is not weakened by controlling for childhood socioeconomic group or adjusting for adult lifestyle<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                    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