{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T23:12:25Z","timestamp":1766531545547,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7107","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,30]],"date-time":"1997-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":872899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1997,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the impact on clinical recovery and severity of the addition of large doses of vitamin A to the standard treatment for childhood pneumonia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Study children were recruited at a public hospital in Recife, north east Brazil, an area of marginal vitamin A deficiency.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects:<\/jats:bold>\n                    472 children aged 6 to 59 months with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Interventions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    200 000 IU (infants) or 400 000 IU (1-4 year olds) of vitamin A in oil or similar capsules of placebo divided into two daily oral doses, in addition to the standard treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Duration of the episode and incidence of adverse outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The groups were similar with respect to overall duration of pneumonia and incidence of adverse outcomes. Children who received vitamin A, however, were less likely to have fever by day 3 (P=0.008) and were 29% less likely to fail to respond to the first line antibiotic (P=0.054).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    There was little evidence for an effect of vitamin A treatment on the immediate outcome of the pneumonia episode.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:list list-type=\"simple\">\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Pneumonia is a leading cause of childhood mortality in developing countries<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Vitamin A supplementation has no impact on mortality from pneumonia even though it reduces overall mortality<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>Treatment of measles pneumonia with vitamin A reduces case fatality and severity of disease<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>This study showed that vitamin A treatment has no impact on the recovery from non-measles pneumonia, despite some suggestion that severely affected patients may benefit<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:list-item>\n                            <jats:p>The addition of vitamin A for treatment protocols for childhood pneumonia is not recommended for clinical cure, although it maybe a useful contact to improve vitamin A status<\/jats:p>\n                          <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <\/jats:list>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7107.505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:48:21Z","timestamp":1319744901000},"page":"505-510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of efficacy of vitamin A treatment in non-measles childhood pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"315","author":[{"given":"Luis C","family":"Nacul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty R","family":"Kirkwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul S","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C D S","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122315091927000_315.7107.505.1","first-page":"793","article-title":"Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing countries: a systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"2025122315091927000_315.7107.505.2","unstructured":"Beaton GH Martorell R L'Abb\u00e9 KA Edmonston B McCabe G Ross AC . Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. 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