{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:37:23Z","timestamp":1791218243968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7159","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]],"date-time":"1998-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":904953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[1998,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To determine whether preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV reduces the frequency of tuberculosis and overall mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Systematic review and data synthesis of randomised placebo controlled trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Active tuberculosis, mortality, and adverse drug reaction requiring cessation of the study regimen. Outcomes stratified by status of purified protein derivative skin test.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Four trials comprising 4055 adults from Haiti, Kenya, the United States, and Uganda were included. All compared isoniazid (6-12 months) with placebo, and one trial also compared multidrug treatment for 3 months with placebo. Mean follow up was 15-33 months. Overall, frequency of tuberculosis (relative risk 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 0.79) was reduced in those receiving preventive treatment compared with placebo: mortality was not significantly reduced (0.93, 0.83 to 1.05). In subjects positive for purified protein derivative receiving preventive treatment, the risk of tuberculosis was reduced substantially (0.32, 0.19 to 0.51) and the risk of death was reduced moderately (0.73, 0.57 to 0.95) compared with those taking placebo. In adults negative for purified protein derivative receiving preventive treatment, the risk of tuberculosis (0.82, 0.50 to 1.36) and the risk of death (1.02, 0.89 to 1.17) were not reduced significantly. Adverse drug reactions were more frequent, but not significantly so, in patients receiving drug compared with placebo (1.45, 0.98 to 2.14).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Preventive treatment given for 3-12 months protects against tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV, at least in the short to medium term. Protection is greatest in subjects positive for purified protein derivative, in whom death is also less frequent. Long term benefits remain to be shown.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,27]],"date-time":"2011-10-27T19:54:31Z","timestamp":1319745271000},"page":"625-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Effect of preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults infected with HIV: systematic review of randomised placebo controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"317","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Wilkinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S B","family":"Squire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Garner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(92)90033-G"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(91)90017-M"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.3","unstructured":"O'Brien RJ .Preventive therapy for tuberculosis. In: Porter JDH McAdam KPWJ , eds. Tuberculosis: back to the future. Chichester:Wiley,1994:151\u2013166."},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490120095035"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198903023200901"},{"issue":"RR-8","key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Screeningf or tuberculosis and tuberculous infection in high-risk populations, and theu se of preventive therapy for tuberculous infection in the United States.","volume":"39","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7124.61"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.8","first-page":"1420","article-title":"Diagnostic standards andc lassification of tuberculosis.","volume":"142","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Disease"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91817-6"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199707000-00006"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707313370505"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709183371201"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.13","unstructured":"Wadhawan D Hira SK Mwansa N Tembo G Perine PL .Isoniazid prophylaxis among patients with HIV-1 infection. [abstract TuB 0536.] VIII International conference on AIDS, and III sexually transmittedd isease world congress,Amsterdam,July 1992."},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)06532-X"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199406163302402"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-386.x"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92967-3"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/0962-8479(94)90036-1","article-title":"Tuberculosis preventive therapy in HIV-infectedi ndividuals.","volume":"75","year":"1994","journal-title":"Tubercle Lung Disease"},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.19","unstructured":"Wilkinson D .Preventive therapy for tuberculosisi n HIV infected persons. In: Garner P Gelband H Olliaro P Salinas R Wilkinson D , eds. Infectious diseases module, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [updated 14 January 1998]. The Cochrane Library. Cochrane Collaboration; Issue 2. Oxford:Update Software,1998. Updatedq uarterly."},{"key":"2025122209471722000_317.7159.625.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199509030-00008","article-title":"Preventive chemotherapy for HIV-associatedt uberculosis in Uganda: an operational assessment at a voluntary counsellinga nd testing centre.","volume":"9","author":"Aisu","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:47:23Z","timestamp":1766425643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7159","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.317.7159.625","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,5]]}}}