{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:07:46Z","timestamp":1789704466868,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7314","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]],"date-time":"2001-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1001116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the overall efficacy of voice therapy for dysphonia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Single blind randomised controlled trial.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Outpatient clinic in a teaching hospital.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants:<\/jats:bold>\n                    204 outpatients aged 17-87 with a primary symptom of persistent hoarseness for at least two months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Interventions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    After baseline assessments, patients were randomised to six weeks of either voice therapy or no treatment. Assessments were repeated at six weeks on the 145 (71%) patients who continued to this stage and at 12-14 weeks on the 133 (65%) patients who completed the study. The assessments at the three time points for the 70 patients who completed treatment and the 63 patients in the group given no treatment were compared.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Ratings of laryngeal features, Buffalo voice profile, amplitude and pitch perturbation, voice profile questionnaire, hospital anxiety and depression scale, clinical interview schedule, SF-36.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Voice therapy improved voice quality as assessed by rating by patients (P=0.001) and rating by observer (P&lt;0.001). The treatment effects for these two outcomes were 4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 6.6) points and 0.82 (0.50 to 1.13) points. Amplitude perturbation showed improvement at six weeks (P=0.005) but not on completion of the study. Patients with dysphonia had appreciable psychological distress and lower quality of life than controls, but voice therapy had no significant impact on either of these variables.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Voice therapy is effective in improving voice quality as assessed by self rated and observer rated methods.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text position=\"float\">\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>What is already known on this topic<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Many patients with dysphonia are treated by voice therapy<\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>The effectiveness of voice therapy in a diverse group of patients is unknown<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                      <jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>What this study adds<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Voice therapy is an effective treatment for dysphonia in terms of report by patients and perceptual ratings by an expert<\/jats:p>\n                        <jats:p>Psychological distress and reduction in general health status are common in patients with dysphonia but are not significantly affected by a course of voice therapy<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:sec>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T06:30:44Z","timestamp":1027751444000},"page":"658","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Is voice therapy an effective treatment for dysphonia? 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New York: Harper and Brothers, 1960."},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.11","unstructured":"Wilson DK .Voice problems of children 3rd ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins,1987."},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3109\/13682829209012036","article-title":"An evaluation of voice therapy in non-organic dysphonia.","volume":"27","author":"Carding","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Disord Commun"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale.","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700030415","article-title":"Measuring psychiatric disorder in the community: a standardised assessment for use by lay interviewers.","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6890.1437","article-title":"Short form 36 (SF36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age.","volume":"306","author":"Jenkinson","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/13682829709177106","article-title":"Voice therapy for dysphonia\u2014still more art than science?","volume":"32","author":"Dunnet","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Disord Commun"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/13682828909011946","article-title":"Speech therapy for psychogenic voice disorder: a survey of current practice and training.","volume":"24","author":"Elias","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Disord Commun"},{"key":"2025122110362292000_323.7314.658.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/13548509708400574","article-title":"Functional dysphonia\u2014a role for psychologists?","volume":"2","author":"Scott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,21]],"date-time":"2025-12-21T18:36:31Z","timestamp":1766342191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7314","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.323.7314.658","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,9,22]]}}}