{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:35:53Z","timestamp":1793172953615,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7361","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,24]],"date-time":"2002-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2002,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess whether children with autism are more likely to have a history of gastrointestinal disorders than children without autism.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Nested case-control study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting:<\/jats:bold>\n                    UK General Practice Research Database.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Subjects:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Children born after 1 January 1988 and registered with the General Practice Research Database within 6 months of birth.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Outcome measures:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, coeliac disease, food intolerance, and recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms recorded by the general practitioner.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    9 of 96 (9%) children with a diagnosis of autism (cases) and 41 of 449 (9%) children without autism (matched controls) had a history of gastrointestinal disorders before the index date (the date of first recorded diagnosis of autism in the cases and the same date for controls). The estimated odds ratio for a history of gastrointestinal disorders among children with autism compared with children without autism was 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.5 to 2.2).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No evidence was found that children with autism were more likely than children without autism to have had defined gastrointestinal disorders at any time before their diagnosis of autism.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7361.419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,1]],"date-time":"2002-10-01T15:54:10Z","timestamp":1033487650000},"page":"419-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":178,"title":["Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Corri","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hershel","family":"Jick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122123023662000_325.7361.419.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)09218-0"},{"key":"2025122123023662000_325.7361.419.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7284.460"},{"key":"2025122123023662000_325.7361.419.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.9.1183"},{"key":"2025122123023662000_325.7361.419.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11096-0"},{"key":"2025122123023662000_325.7361.419.5","unstructured":"Perry J , ed. 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