{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:57:16Z","timestamp":1789181836967,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7368","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]],"date-time":"2002-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1034380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    : To measure the impact on transmission of leishmaniasis of curtains impregnated with insecticide.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Cluster randomised controlled trial: household interview survey, observational study of people's behaviour, entomological study with light trap captures of sandflies inside houses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 14 urban sectors in Trujillo, Venezuela.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants<\/jats:bold>\n                    : 2913 inhabitants of 569houses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Intervention<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Sectors were paired according to their 12month cumulative incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis, one sector in each pair was randomly allocated to receive polyester curtains impregnated with lambdacyhalothrin (intervention group) while the other sector received curtains without insecticide or no curtains (control groups). After 12 months a follow up household survey was conducted.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Reduction in abundance of sandflies indoors and 12 month incidence of clinical cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred mainly in the domestic setting, with the incidence over 12 months of 4%. The mean number of sandflies per trap per night was 16.After follow up the 12 month incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 0% in the intervention group and 8% in the six pairs in the control group that received unimpregnated curtains (mean difference 8, 95% confidence interval 4.22 to 11.78; P=0.001). There were significantly fewer sandflies in the intervention group (2\n                    <jats:italic>v<\/jats:italic>\n                    15,mean difference 13 sandflies per trap; 9 to 17; P&lt;0.001).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    : Curtains impregnated with insecticide provide a high degree of protection against indoor transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T00:58:28Z","timestamp":1034297908000},"page":"810-813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Insecticide impregnated curtains to control domestic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Venezuela: cluster randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Axel","family":"Kroeger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elci Villegas","family":"Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Morison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000200004"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2000000400013"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00049-7","article-title":"A new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania amazonensis in a sub Andean region of Bolivia.","volume":"15","author":"Martinez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00068-0","article-title":"Lutzomyia nu\u00f1eztovari anglesi (Diptera: Psychodidae) as a probable vector of Leishmania braziliensis in the Jungas, Bolivia.","volume":"71","author":"Torrez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761987000100020","article-title":"Ecology of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in a resticted focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northern Venezuela. II. Species composition in relation to habitat, catching method and hour of catching.","volume":"82","author":"Feliciangeli","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.6","first-page":"45","article-title":"Cambios epidemiol\u00f3gicos de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria en Venezuela.","volume":"25","author":"Scorza","year":"1986","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90346-2"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761994000300026"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(00)90214-1"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.10","first-page":"83","article-title":"Control temporal de la transmisi\u00f3n de leishmaniasis cutanea urbana en Venezuela, mediante nebulizaciones con ICON.","volume":"39","author":"Scorza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1989.tb00253.x","article-title":"Efficacy of permethrin-impregnated curtains against endophilic phlebotomine sandflies in Burkina Faso.","volume":"3","author":"Majori","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00191.x"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00183.x"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.1995.tb00134.x"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.15","first-page":"64","article-title":"Actividad intradomiciliar de Lutzomyia youngi (Diptera: Psychodidae) en Venezuela.","volume":"29","author":"Scorza","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.16","first-page":"14","article-title":"La leishmaniasis tegumentaria venezolana: problem\u00e1tica contepor\u00e1nea en el estado Trujillo.","volume":"30","author":"Scorza","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.17","first-page":"80","article-title":"Identification and diagnosis of leishmania based on ribosomal intergenic spacer sequences.","volume":"88","author":"Guevara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7206.376"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.19","first-page":"127","article-title":"Sandfly control trial with deltamethrin impregnated curtains in el Ingenio, Miranda state Venezuela.","volume":"35","author":"Feliciangeli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.20","first-page":"295","article-title":"Factibilidad de utilizaci\u00f3n de cortinas impregnadas con delthametrina para el control de fleb\u00f3tomos.","volume":"35","author":"Perruolo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bol Direccion Malariol Saneamiento Ambiental"},{"key":"2025122123334039000_325.7368.810.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/34.2.110"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T07:33:48Z","timestamp":1766388828000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7368","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.810","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-8138","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-5833","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,12]]}}}