{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:56:07Z","timestamp":1768485367783,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7409","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]],"date-time":"2003-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the impact of supplementing newborn infants with vitamin A on mortality at age 6 months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    Community based, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    Two rural districts of Tamil Nadu, southern India.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants<\/jats:bold>\n                    11 619 newborn infants allocated 24 000 IU oral vitamin A or placebo on days 1 and 2 after delivery.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measure<\/jats:bold>\n                    Primary outcome measure was mortality at age 6 months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    Infants in the vitamin A group had a 22% reduction in total mortality (95%confidence interval 4% to 37%) compared with those in the placebo group. Vitamin A had an impact on mortality between two weeks and three months after treatment, with no additional impact after three months.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>\n                    Supplementing newborn infants with vitamin A can significantly reduce early infant mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7409.254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]],"date-time":"2003-07-31T23:54:33Z","timestamp":1059695673000},"page":"254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Impact of supplementing newborn infants with vitamin A on early infant mortality: community based randomised trial in southern India"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi","family":"Rahmathullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Tielsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R D","family":"Thulasiraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheela","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeesh","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karthik","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A V","family":"Sadanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Edwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Kamaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommer A West KP Jr . Vitamin A deficiency: health, survival, and vision. New York, Oxford University Press, 1996.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195088243.001.0001"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91157-8","article-title":"Impact of vitamin A supplementation on childhood mortality. 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Effectiveness of vitamin A supplementation in the control of young child morbidity and mortality in developing countries. State of the art series, nutrition policy discussion paper No 13. Geneva: Administrative Committee on Coordination\/Subcommittee on Nutrition, United Nations, Dec 1993."},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80484-2"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.10","first-page":"521","article-title":"Liver vitamin A reserves of neonates, preschool children and adults dying of various causes in Salvador, Brazil.","volume":"29","author":"Olson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Latinoam Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.6.903","article-title":"Liver concentrations of vitamin A and carotenoids as a function of age and other parameters of American children who died of various causes.","volume":"39","author":"Olson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.12","unstructured":"Wallingford JC Underwood BA . Vitamin A deficiency in pregnancy, lactation and the nursing child. Bauernfeind JC ed. Vitamin A deficiency and its control. Orlando, FL; Academic Press, 1986: 101\u201352."},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/123.4.666","article-title":"High dose vitamin A supplementation of breast-feeding Indonesian mothers: effects on the vitamin A status of mother and infant.","volume":"123","author":"Stoltzfus","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.2.356","article-title":"Maternal vitamin A or \u03b2-carotene supplementation in lactating Bangladeshi women benefits mothers and infants but does not prevent subclinical deficiency.","volume":"129","author":"Rice","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.1.143","article-title":"Mortality of infants under six months of age supplemented with vitamin A: a randomized, double-masked trial in Nepal.","volume":"62","author":"West","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.16","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Randomized trial to assess benefits and safety of vitamin A supplementation linked to immunization in early infancy.","volume":"353","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.6.1570","article-title":"Maternal low-dose vitamin A or beta carotene supplementation has no effect on fetal loss and early infant mortality: a randomized cluster trial in Nepal.","volume":"71","author":"Katz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70359-1"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80086-0"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92478-C"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.21","first-page":"2518","article-title":"Antibody response in vitamin A depleted rats is impaired after immunization with bacterial polysaccharide or protein antigens.","volume":"4","author":"Pasatiempo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Fed Am Soc Exp Biol J"},{"key":"2025122212102831000_327.7409.254.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross CA . The relationship between immunocompetence and vitamin A status. Sommer A West KP Jr eds. Vitamin A deficiency: health, survival and vision. 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