{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T19:24:18Z","timestamp":1766690658329,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7420","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]],"date-time":"2003-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1066262400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.bmj.com\/company\/legal-information\/terms-conditions\/legal-information\/tdm-licencepolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMJ"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the association between duration of breast feeding and measures of adiposity in adolescence.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Design<\/jats:bold>\n                    Population based birth cohort study.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Setting<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pelotas, a city of 320 000 inhabitants in a relatively developed area in southern Brazil.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Participants<\/jats:bold>\n                    All newborn infants in the city's hospitals were enrolled in 1982; 78.8% (2250) of all male participants were located at age 18 years when enrolling in the national army.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Main outcome measures<\/jats:bold>\n                    Weight, height, sitting height, subscapular and triceps skinfolds, and body composition (body fat, lean mass).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    Neither the duration of total breast feeding nor that of predominant breast feeding (breast milk plus non-nutritive fluids) showed consistent associations with anthropometric or body composition indices. After adjustment for confounding factors, the only significant associations were a greater than 50% reduction in obesity among participants breast fed for three to five months compared with all other breastfeeding categories (P = 0.007) and a linear decreasing trend in obesity with increasing duration of predominant breast feeding (P = 0.03). Similar significant effects were not observed for other measures of adiposity. Borderline direct associations also occurred between total duration of breast feeding and adult height (P = 0.06).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\n                    The significant reduction in obesity among children breast fed for three to five months is difficult to interpret, as no a priori hypothesis existed regarding a protective effect of intermediate duration of breast feeding. The findings indicate that, in this population, breast feeding has no marked protective effect against adolescent adiposity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]],"date-time":"2003-10-16T19:09:21Z","timestamp":1066331361000},"page":"901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Anthropometry and body composition of 18 year old men according to duration of breast feeding: birth cohort study from Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"327","author":[{"given":"Cesar G","family":"Victora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela C","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo L","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70293-5"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2506"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2453"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.19.2461"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334402239730"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1990.tb00639.x","article-title":"The Pelotas birth cohort study, 1982\u20131987: strategies for following up 6,000 children in a developing country.","volume":"4","author":"Barros","year":"1990","journal-title":"Perinat Pediatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.7","unstructured":"Victora CG Barros FC Lima RC Behague DP Gon\u00e7alves H Horta BL . The Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study, 1982\u20132001. Cad Saude Publica 2003 (in press)."},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.8","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Division of Diarrhoeal and Acute Respiratory Disease Control . Indicators for assessing breast-feeding practices. Geneva: WHO, 1991."},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3182(89)80003-2"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.10","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Expert Committee on Nutrition . Physical status: uses and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva: WHO, 1995. (WHO Technical Report Series, No 854.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Validation of leg-to-leg impedance for body composition assessment among Brazilian males aged 16\u201319 years.","volume":"1","author":"Wells","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Body Composition Res"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.6.953","article-title":"Height-normalized indices of the body fat-free mass and fat mass: potentially useful indicators of nutritional status.","volume":"52","author":"VanItallie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115693","article-title":"Do mothers overestimate breastfeeding duration? An example of recall bias from a study in Southern Brazil.","volume":"132","author":"Huttly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(81)80579-3"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00430.x","article-title":"Mode of infant feeding and achieved growth in adolescence: early feeding patterns in relation to growth and body composition in adolescence.","volume":"7","author":"Tulldahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00574.x","article-title":"Duration of breast-feeding associated with obesity during adolescence.","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46830-1_3","article-title":"Does breast-feeding protect against childhood obesity?","volume":"478","author":"Von Kries","year":"2000","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)82011-5"},{"key":"2025122509235542000_327.7420.901.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12209-X","article-title":"Breast cancer and breastfeeding.","volume":"361","author":"Beral","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMJ"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/data.bmj.org\/tdm\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T17:24:06Z","timestamp":1766683446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7420","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.327.7420.901","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-8138","1468-5833"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0959-8138"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1468-5833"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,16]]}}}