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Using Cox regression models, 10 year mean exposure to road traffic and railway noise at the most (L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      max) and least (L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      min) exposed fa\u00e7ades of buildings were associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia. These associations showed a general pattern of higher hazard ratios with higher noise exposure, but with a levelling off or even small declines in risk at higher noise levels. In subtype analyses, both road traffic noise and railway noise were associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, with hazard ratios of 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.22) for road L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      max \u226565 dB compared with &lt;45 dB, 1.27 (1.22 to 1.34) for road L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      min \u226555 dB compared with &lt;40 dB, 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) for railway L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      max \u226560 dB compared with &lt;40 dB, and 1.24 (1.17 to 1.30) for railway L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      min \u226550 dB compared with &lt;40 dB. Road traffic, but not railway, noise was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia. Results indicated associations between road traffic L\n                      <jats:sub>den<\/jats:sub>\n                      min and Parkinson\u2019s disease related dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This nationwide cohort study found transportation noise to be associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes, especially Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]],"date-time":"2021-09-08T21:35:19Z","timestamp":1631136919000},"page":"n1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Residential exposure to transportation noise in Denmark and incidence of dementia: national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3201-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuella Lech","family":"Cantuaria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-633X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frans Boch","family":"Waldorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6930-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lene","family":"Wermuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ellen Raben","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4456-4169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aslak Harbo","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4908-9715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse Daniel","family":"Thacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1223-0909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ole","family":"Raaschou-Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-1935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Ketzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2080-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jibran","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8211-6776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor H","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-1407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesper Hvass","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7302-4789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mette","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090822250764000_374.sep08_2.n1954.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30367-6"},{"key":"2021090822250764000_374.sep08_2.n1954.2","unstructured":"Prince M, Comas-Herrera A, Knapp M, Guerchet M, Karagiannidou M. 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