{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:34:50Z","timestamp":1791005690694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DP000246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DP000246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18DP002714"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP002714"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U18DP006133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U18DP006133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U48\/CCU919219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U48\/CCU919219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diagnosis codes might be used for diabetes surveillance if they accurately distinguish diabetes type. We assessed the validity of<jats:italic>International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification<\/jats:italic>(ICD-10-CM) codes to discriminate between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among health plan members with youth-onset (diagnosis age &lt;20 years) diabetes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>. Diabetes case identification and abstraction of diabetes type was done as part of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. The gold standard for diabetes type is the physician-assigned diabetes type documented in patients\u2019 medical records. Using all healthcare encounters with ICD-10-CM codes for diabetes, we summarized codes within each encounter and determined diabetes type using percent of encounters classified as T2DM. We chose 50% as the threshold from a receiver operating characteristic curve because this threshold yielded the largest Youden\u2019s index. Persons with \u226550% T2DM-coded encounters were classified as having T2DM. Otherwise, persons were classified as having T1DM. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy overall and by demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to the gold standard, 1911 persons had T1DM and 652 persons had T2DM (mean age (SD): 19.1 (6.5) years). We obtained 90.6% (95% CI 88.4% to 92.9%) sensitivity, 96.3% (95% CI 95.4% to 97.1%) specificity, 89.3% (95% CI 86.9% to 91.6%) positive predictive value, 96.8% (95% CI 96.0% to 97.6%) negative predictive value, and 94.8% (95% CI 94.0% to 95.7%) accuracy for discriminating T2DM from T1DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICD-10-CM codes can accurately classify diabetes type for persons with youth-onset diabetes, showing promise for rapid, cost-efficient diabetes surveillance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]],"date-time":"2019-02-16T19:39:13Z","timestamp":1550345953000},"page":"e000547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Validity of ICD-10-CM codes for determination of diabetes type for persons with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5657-5979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria C","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Y","family":"Tartof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff M","family":"Slezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Koebnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean M.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2014 [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014."},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Diabetes report card 2014 [Internet]. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services, 2015."},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db13-1891"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3201"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.5"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt230"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12152"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocv207"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0964"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4377","article-title":"Validation of an algorithm for identifying type 1 diabetes in adults based on electronic health record data","volume":"27","author":"Schroeder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/12-031","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of members of a large, integrated health care system: comparison with US Census Bureau data","volume":"16","author":"Koebnick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0574"},{"key":"2020050713185059000_7.1.e000547.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Diabetes Research &amp; Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T17:09:46Z","timestamp":1601053786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/drc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000547","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4897"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2052-4897","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}}}