{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T20:35:36Z","timestamp":1788813336817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The availability of easily accessible continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics can improve glycemic control in diabetes, and they may even become a viable alternative to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) laboratory tests in the next years. The REALISM-T1D study (REAl-Life glucoSe Monitoring in Type 1 Diabetes) was aimed at contributing, with real-world data, to a deeper understanding of these metrics, including the time in range (TIR)\u2013HbA1c relationship, to facilitate their adoption by diabetologists in everyday practice.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>70 adults affected by type 1 diabetes were monitored for 1\u2009year by means of either flash (FGM) or real-time (rtCGM) glucose monitoring devices. Follow-up visits were performed after 90, 180 and 365 days from baseline and percentage TIR<jats:sup>70\u2013180<\/jats:sup> evaluated for the 90-day time period preceding each visit. HbA1c tests were also carried out in the same occasions and measured values paired with the corresponding TIR data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A monovariate linear regression analysis confirms a strong correlation between TIR and HbA1c as found in previous studies, but leveraging more homogeneous data (n=146) collected in real-life conditions. Differences were determined between FGM and rtCGM devices in Pearson\u2019s correlation (r<jats:sub>FGM<\/jats:sub>=0.703, r<jats:sub>rtCGM<\/jats:sub>=0.739), slope (\u03b2<jats:sub>1,FGM<\/jats:sub>=\u221211.77, \u03b2<jats:sub>1,rtCGM<\/jats:sub>=\u221210.74) and intercept (\u03b2<jats:sub>0,FGM<\/jats:sub>=141.19, \u03b2<jats:sub>0,rtCGM<\/jats:sub>=140.77) coefficients. Normality of residuals and homoscedasticity were successfully verified in both cases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regression lines for two patient groups monitored through FGM and rtCGM devices, respectively, while confirming a linear relationship between TIR and A1c hemoglobin (A1C) in good accordance with previous studies, also show a statistically significant difference in the regression intercept, thus suggesting the need for different models tailored to device characteristics. The predictive power of A1C as a TIR estimator also deserves further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2019-001045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T11:16:01Z","timestamp":1611918961000},"page":"e001045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Time in range\u2013A1c hemoglobin relationship in continuous glucose monitoring of type 1 diabetes: a real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3484-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Valenzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Piemonte, 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