{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T23:50:07Z","timestamp":1789084207547,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596931200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic inflammation is observed in type 2 diabetes islets, and fat deposition in the pancreas affects insulin secretion and glucose tolerance. However, the relationship between this inflammation and pancreatic fat deposition has not been elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We examined pancreatic sections from 60 Japanese patients obtained by pancreatectomy. We evaluated pancreatic fat-cell area (%) and CD68-positive (CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) cells per islet histologically and examined the relationships between these histological findings and various clinical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The number of CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells per islet in the diabetes group was significantly higher than that in the normal glucose tolerance group (p<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>0.026). Moreover, CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells per islet were significantly correlated with body mass index (r=0.33, p=0.0080), fasting C-peptide immunoreactivity (r=0.46, p=0.0042), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (r=0.38, p=0.016), C-peptide index (r=0.38, p=0.018), the area under the glucose concentration curve (AUC<jats:sub>glucose<\/jats:sub>) at the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (r=0.49, p=0.0065) and fat-cell area (r=0.51, p&lt;0.0001). In multiple regression analyses, fat-cell area (\u03b2=0.600, p<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>0.0027) and AUC<jats:sub>glucose<\/jats:sub> (\u03b2=0.453, p<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>0.0042) were the independent and significant determinants of CD68<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells per islet.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The inflammation of islets is associated with pancreatic fatty infiltration and hyperglycemia, which may further aggravate glucose tolerance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T09:42:15Z","timestamp":1597138935000},"page":"e001508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Islet inflammation is associated with pancreatic fatty infiltration and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Horii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukari","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chisaki","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2468-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenji","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9665-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junji","family":"Kozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iichiro","family":"Shimomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181bd2f44"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000239488.05069.03"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7678183"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05485"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2017.08.007","article-title":"Pathophysiology of 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increment of C-peptide in glucagon stimulation test in type 2 diabetes patients","volume":"11","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001109","article-title":"Glucose intolerance after pancreatectomy was associated with preoperative hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance, and histological pancreatic fatty infiltration","volume":"47","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.245"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13122883"},{"key":"2025073112315362000_8.1.e001508.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4385-1","article-title":"Metabolic crosstalk between fatty pancreas and fatty liver: effects on local inflammation 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