{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:01:47Z","timestamp":1787317307554,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603238400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service","award":["58-6250-6-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-6250-6-001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1-17-JDF-037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-17-JDF-037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to test whether the serum adipokines leptin and adiponectin are more strongly associated with body fat percentage (BF%) than body mass index (BMI) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied all participants in the T1D Exchange Metformin Study (n=122, median age 12.9 years, range 12\u201319.5; 32% males; 77% non-Hispanic whites, 100% overweight or obesity; median diabetes duration 6.7 years, range 1.4\u201315) with a baseline serum sample where we measured leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Anthropometric, clinical, laboratory and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan measurements were analyzed. We compared correlation coefficients between variables of interest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BF% by DEXA was significantly correlated with BMI Z-score (r=0.38, p&lt;0.0001), BMI per cent of the 95th percentile (BMI%95) (r=0.45, p&lt;0.0001), waist circumference (r=0.46, p&lt;0.0001), leptin (r=0.58, p&lt;0.00001) and leptin\/adiponectin ratio (r=0.36, p&lt;0.0001), while it was not significantly correlated with absolute body weight, adiponectin or insulin dose (total or basal). BF% was significantly more strongly correlated with leptin than with BMI Z-score in the overall group (p=0.022). However, there were sex-based differences. Among the significant correlations in the overall group, BF% was most strongly associated with leptin (r=0.75) in boys (n=39) but with waist circumference (r=0.58) in girls (n=83) (all p&lt;0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum leptin could be used as a surrogate convenient marker of adiposity in overweight\/obese adolescent boys with T1D, equivalent to BMI Z-score or BMI%95. In girls, waist circumference was the best performing marker overall, and was also strongly correlated with %BF in boys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2020-001683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]],"date-time":"2020-10-21T17:15:45Z","timestamp":1603300545000},"page":"e001683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sex differences in circulating leptin as a marker of adiposity in obese or overweight adolescents with type 1 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01881828","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5871-4645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria J","family":"Redondo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro F","family":"Siller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangjun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Population Science Section, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2111-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Tosur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Diabetes and Endocrinology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sridevi","family":"Devaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Sisley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.01.012","article-title":"Correlates of overweight and obesity in 5529 adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the T1D exchange clinic registry","volume":"126","author":"Minges","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-015-0785-1","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes and elevated body mass index","volume":"53","author":"Redondo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1585"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033308"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12159","article-title":"Serum adiposity-induced biomarkers in obese and lean children with recently diagnosed autoimmune type 1 diabetes","volume":"15","author":"Redondo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.16174"},{"key":"2025073112035811000_8.1.e001683.7","unstructured":"Lee IA , Preacher KJ . 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