{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:37:04Z","timestamp":1764571024405,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA, in collaboration with Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to assess data relevancy and data quality of the Innovation in Medical Evidence Development and Surveillance System Distributed Database (IMEDS-DD) for diabetes research and to evaluate comparability of its type 2 diabetes cohort to the general type 2 diabetes population.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted using the IMEDS-DD. Eligible members were adults with a medical encounter between April 1, 2018 and March 31, 2019 (index period). Type 2 diabetes and co-existing conditions were determined using all data available from April 1, 2016 to the most recent encounter within the index period. Type 2 diabetes patient characteristics, comorbidities and hemoglobin A<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> (HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>) values were summarized and compared with those reported in national benchmarks and literature.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes prevalence was 12.6% in the IMEDS-DD. Of 4\u200914\u2009672 patients with type 2 diabetes, 52.8% were male, and the mean age was 65.0 (SD 13.3) years. Common comorbidities included hypertension (84.5%), hyperlipidemia (82.8%), obesity (45.3%), and cardiovascular disease (44.7%). Moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease was observed in 20.2% patients. The most commonly used antihyperglycemic agents included metformin (35.7%), sulfonylureas (14.8%), and insulin (9.9%). Less than one-half (48.9%) had an HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> value recorded. These findings demonstrated the notable similarity in patient characteristics between type 2 diabetes populations identified within the IMEDS-DD and other large databases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite the limitations related to HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> data, our findings indicate that the IMEDS-DD contains robust information on key data elements to conduct pharmacoepidemiological studies in diabetes, including member demographic and clinical characteristics and health services utilization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-002916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T11:10:31Z","timestamp":1671448231000},"page":"e002916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Using the IMEDS distributed database for epidemiological studies in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8896-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting-Ying","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Rodriguez-Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reagan-Udall Foundation for the Food and Drug Administration, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7621-7781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tongtong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawna R","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Merck & Co, Inc, Rahway, New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Burk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Hee","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron B","family":"Mendelsohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aziza","family":"Jamal-Allial","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthCore, Inc, Watertown, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert T","family":"Greenlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mano","family":"Selvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humana Healthcare Research, Louisville, Kentucky, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamala A","family":"Pawloski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthPartners, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl N","family":"McMahill Walraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVS Health Clinical Trial Services, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5160-0810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sengwee","family":"Toh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffery S","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The U.S. Food and Drug Administration\u2019s Mini-Sentinel program: status and direction","volume":"21 Suppl 1","author":"Platt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1014427"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2319","article-title":"A policy framework for public health uses of electronic health data","volume":"21 Suppl 1","author":"McGraw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.4","unstructured":"Rosati K , Jorgensen N , Plc CB . 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Available: https:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org\/en\/ [Accessed 30 Jun 2021]."},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-415"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.76","article-title":"The prevalence of cardiovascular disease and antidiabetes treatment characteristics among a large type 2 diabetes population in the United States","volume":"2","author":"Weng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0289","article-title":"Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and the Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis : A Multicenter Cohort Study","volume":"173","author":"Douros","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.15","first-page":"100225","article-title":"Metformin adherence and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13825"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000691"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2016.1168291"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"CMED.s39761","DOI":"10.4137\/CMED.s39761","article-title":"Changes in characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a large United States integrated health system between 2008 and 2013","volume":"9","author":"Pantalone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1591"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.21","first-page":"280","article-title":"Differences in all-cause health care utilization and costs in a type 2 diabetes mellitus population with and without a history of cardiovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Mehta","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/prp2.637","article-title":"Diabetes medication regimens and patient clinical characteristics in the National patient-centered clinical research network, PCORnet","volume":"8","author":"Bachmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res Perspect"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.10.004"},{"key":"2025073112425835000_10.6.e002916.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Diabetes Research &amp; Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-002916","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T19:43:07Z","timestamp":1753990987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/drc.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-002916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-002916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-002916","relation":{},"ISSN":["2052-4897"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2052-4897"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}}}