{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:54:20Z","timestamp":1771667660124,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690156800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Future Fund Practitioner Fellowship","award":["1154192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154192"]}]},{"name":"Raine Foundation, University of Western Australia","award":["Not applicable"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Not applicable"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare mortality in community-based Australians with type 1 diabetes (T1D), without diabetes, or with type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I (FDS1) T1D cohort, matched people without diabetes from the FDS1 catchment area, and matched FDS1 participants with T2D were followed up from entry (1993\u20131996) to death\/end-2017. Mortality rates (MRs) and mortality rate ratios (MRRs) were calculated. Cox regression models identified independent determinants of death.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 121 participants with T1D and 484 age\/sex\/postcode-matched people without diabetes (pooled mean\u00b1SD age 43.1\u00b115.3 years, 59.2% men), 55 (45.5%, MR 25.7 (95% CI 19.4 to 33.5)\/1000 person-years) and 88 (18.2%, MR 8.5 (95% CI 6.8 to 10.4)\/1000 person-years), respectively, died during 12 541 person-years of follow-up (MRR 3.04 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.31), p&lt;0.001). Among participants with T1D, diagnosis at age 18\u201327 years and baseline HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, urinary albumin:creatinine ratio, and retinopathy were independent predictors of death (p\u22640.011). Twenty-five FDS1 participants died from cardiovascular disease (MR 11.7 (95% CI 7.6 to 17.3)\/1000 person-years) vs 28 residents without diabetes (MR 2.7 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.9)\/1000 person-years; MRR (95% CI) 4.34 (2.43, 7.73) (p&lt;0.001). There were 93 FDS1 participants with T1D who were age\/sex matched with an FDS1 participant with T2D and 53 (57.0%) and 37 (39.8%), respectively, died (p=0.027). In pooled Cox regression analysis, T1D was not a determinant of mortality (HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.71 to 1.97), p=0.523).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T1D substantially increases the risk of death, especially when diagnosed in late adolescence\/young adulthood. Diabetes type does not influence mortality after adjustment for key confounding variables.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2023-003501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,24]],"date-time":"2023-07-24T12:35:10Z","timestamp":1690202110000},"page":"e003501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative mortality and its determinants in community-based people with type 1 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase I"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ruwani","family":"Rajapaksa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Fremantle Hospital and Health Service, Palmyra DC, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy A","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western 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