{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T15:04:34Z","timestamp":1779721474848,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779667200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology","award":["33(Sanc.)-ST\/P\/S&T\/9G-11\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["33(Sanc.)-ST\/P\/S&T\/9G-11\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science & Technology and Biotechnology","award":["935(Sanc.)\/STBT-11012(19)\/24\/2021-ST SEC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["935(Sanc.)\/STBT-11012(19)\/24\/2021-ST SEC"]}]},{"name":"Chellaram Diabetes Research Centre","award":["CDRC202208048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDRC202208048"]}]},{"name":"RSSDI West Bengal Chapter","award":["5\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/2017"]}]},{"name":"ESI Ad hoc Grant","award":["02\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02\/2021"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92\/02\/2021-Omics\/TF\/BMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92\/02\/2021-Omics\/TF\/BMS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Diab Res Care"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Renal involvement in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) can be due to diabetes (diabetic kidney disease, DKD) or other causes (non-DKD, NDKD) or both (mixed kidney disease). Available clinical and laboratory parameters have limitations in predicting a diagnosis (gold standard renal biopsy). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) evaluated in preclinical models but unexplored in biopsy-proven kidney disease in T2DM. We aimed to determine whether there is differential expression of lncRNAs in DKD (compared with NDKD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Research design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>lncRNAs preselected through database search for evaluation in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Discovery cohort: Preselected lncRNAs () evaluated in three components of urine (urinary cell, urinary exosome, and cell-free urine) from biopsy-proven DKD, NDKD, T2DM without kidney disease and healthy subjects (n=40\/group). lncRNAs found consistently significant in all components were checked in kidney tissue. Receiver operating characteristic curves were performed to evaluate diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Validation cohort: Best performing lncRNA (in discovery cohort) evaluated in independent cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical utility: The utility of identified lncRNAs was further assessed for clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discovery cohort: Level of MALAT1 and PVT1 differed in all urinary components of DKD and elevated in kidney biopsy tissue. MALAT1 showed the most consistent results. Urinary cell-derived MALAT1 showed the most consistent results (\u0394Ct &lt;8.3, sensitivity 90%, specificity 89.6% OR 53.9, p&lt;0.0001) to differentiate DKD from NDKD<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Validation cohort: Urinary cell-derived MALAT1 showed sensitivity (90%) and specificity (88.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical utility: Addition of MALAT1 to currently existing clinical\/biochemical discriminators of DKD from NDKD helps improve clinical decision making, with a net reclassification improvement (NRI) of 0.53, 64% of DKD cases were correctly reclassified to a higher probability of disease (NRI+ = 0.280), and 62.5% of NDKD controls were correctly reclassified to a lower probability of disease (NRI\u2212 = 0.250).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary cell-derived MALAT1 improves the ability to differentiate DKD from NDKD over and above currently used clinical and biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2026-006123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]],"date-time":"2026-05-25T14:30:16Z","timestamp":1779719416000},"page":"e006123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrated multicompartment urinary long non-coding RNAs profiling (cellular, cell-free, and extracellular vesicle) for better differential diagnosis of biopsy-proven diabetic and non-diabetic kidney disease beyond conventional markers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4693-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhurima","family":"Basu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6590-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhasis","family":"Neogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2790-9863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranu","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Ray Chaudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitai P","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-961X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujoy","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052507300964000_14.3.e006123.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2022-003058","article-title":"Prevalence of non-diabetic kidney disease and inability of clinical predictors to differentiate it from diabetic kidney disease: results from a prospectively performed renal biopsy study","volume":"10","author":"Basu","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care"},{"key":"2026052507300964000_14.3.e006123.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dci23-0030"},{"key":"2026052507300964000_14.3.e006123.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2025.103237","article-title":"Composite renal outcome in prospectively performed biopsy proven diabetic kidney disease versus non-diabetic kidney disease: A longitudinal follow 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