{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:57:17Z","timestamp":1787907437849,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001637","name":"Trinity College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Provost\u2019s PhD Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Provost\u2019s PhD Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001637","name":"Trinity College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TRiSS postgraduate research fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TRiSS postgraduate research fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ EBM"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a core outcome set (COS) for oropharyngeal dysphagia (swallowing disorder) interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease by agreeing core outcomes and definitions, outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) and time points of measurement for these core outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>International online Delphi survey and consensus meetings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals living with oropharyngeal dysphagia and Parkinson\u2019s disease, family members and caregivers, healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of oropharyngeal dysphagia and Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A long list of outcomes was generated previously through scoping reviews, online surveys and focus groups with key stakeholders. Building on this, an international three-round online Delphi survey was conducted where participants rated the importance of outcomes. In subsequent online consensus meetings, core outcomes, their definitions, OMIs and time points of measurement were agreed on.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>90 participants from 21 countries completed all three rounds of the Delphi survey. Of these, 35 participated in a consensus meeting. Six outcomes were agreed as the core outcomes: \u2018penetration\/aspiration\u2019, \u2018aspiration pneumonia\u2019, \u2018choking\u2019, \u2018oropharyngeal dysphagia severity\u2019, \u2018swallowing related quality of life\u2019 and \u2018post swallow pharyngeal residue\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of a COS in future oropharyngeal dysphagia intervention studies in Parkinson\u2019s disease will facilitate comparative effectiveness research and ensure that outcomes are relevant to all key stakeholders. This should help improve the evidence base for oropharyngeal dysphagia interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was registered prospectively with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Database on 24 September 2021 (\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"www.comet-initiative.org\">www.comet-initiative.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      , registration number: 1942).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-113543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T04:10:18Z","timestamp":1746072618000},"page":"93-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Developing a core outcome set for dysphagia interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an international Delphi consensus study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Hirschwald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Warnecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Hospital Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Walshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9671-9"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.11.006"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9695-9"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Groher ME , Crary MA . Dysphagia: clinical management in adults and children. 2nd edn. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier, 2016.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-18701-5.00007-5"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018969","article-title":"Mortality and quality of death certification in a cohort of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease and matched controls in North Wales, UK at 18 years: a community-based cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Hobson","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.17.5.427"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14517","article-title":"Dysphagia treatments in Parkinson\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_AJSLP-21-00145"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2022.2045356"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114104","article-title":"Treatment of Dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"L\u00f3pez-Liria","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2023.2215488"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2021.120008"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2022.07.016"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12865"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2022-112082","article-title":"Swallowing outcomes in dysphagia interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a scoping review","volume":"28","author":"Hirschwald","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/car.2408"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-022-06348-z","article-title":"Getting it wrong most of the time? Comparing trialists\u2019 choice of primary outcome with what patients and health professionals want","volume":"23","author":"Treweek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2022.09.012"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-279","article-title":"The COMET Initiative database: progress and activities from 2011 to 2013","volume":"15","author":"Gargon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-1978-4","article-title":"The COMET Handbook: version 1.0","volume":"18","author":"Williamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-161055","article-title":"A Consensus Set of Outcomes for Parkinson\u2019s Disease from the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement","volume":"7","author":"de Roos","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9995-3"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002447","article-title":"Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development: The COS-STAD recommendations","volume":"14","author":"Kirkham","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1555-2","article-title":"How to select outcome measurement instruments for outcomes included in a \u201cCore Outcome Set\u201d - a practical guideline","volume":"17","author":"Prinsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-076350","article-title":"Development of a Core Outcome Set for Dysphagia Interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease (COS-DIP): study protocol","volume":"14","author":"Hirschwald","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002148","article-title":"Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting: The COS-STAR Statement","volume":"13","author":"Kirkham","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004326","article-title":"ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document): A reporting guideline for consensus methods in biomedicine developed via a modified Delphi","volume":"21","author":"Gattrell","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschwald J , Hofacker J , Duncan S , et al . Exposing gaps in trial design: a scoping review of outcomes measured and omitted in dysphagia intervention trials in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Presented at the 31. Annual Meeting of the Dysphagia Research Society; 2023 doi:10.1007\/s00455-024-10740-z Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00455-024-10740-z","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10740-z"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschwald J , Mooney L , Battel I , et al . What and how to measure in dysphagia interventions in Parkinson\u2019s disease: an international online survey of dysphagia clinicians [manuscript under peer review]. 2025.","DOI":"10.1080\/17549507.2025.2555252"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirschwald J , Mooney L , Wolf M , et al . \u201cWithout the Data You\u2019re Not Going to Know If It\u2019s Important or Not\u201d: A Mixed Methods Study on What Dysphagia Intervention Outcomes are Important to People with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Family Members. Dysphagia 2024. doi:10.1007\/s00455-024-10788-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-024-10788-x"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.09.012"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0109-1"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CPM.0000000000000277"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00689-3"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.35","unstructured":"Duncan S . Defining a core outcome set for dysphagia intervention trials in intensive care. Presented at the 12th Congress of the European Society for Swallowing Disorders; 2022"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00007"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00417897"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-021-10293-5"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-023-10650-6"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.102081"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-021-05891-5","article-title":"A survey of knowledge, perceptions and use of core outcome sets among clinical trialists","volume":"22","author":"Bellucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2020.09.029"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2024.111285"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.27626"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30283"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34079"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.04.034"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9185-9"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/780197","article-title":"Bolus Residue Scale: An Easy-to-Use and Reliable Videofluoroscopic Analysis Tool to Score Bolus Residue in Patients with Dysphagia","volume":"2015","author":"Rommel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2026032002100662000_31.2.93.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9631-4"}],"container-title":["BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-113543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:11:02Z","timestamp":1773997862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ebm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-113543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-113543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjebm-2024-113543","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-446X","2515-4478"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-446X","type":"print"},{"value":"2515-4478","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]}}}