{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T19:29:10Z","timestamp":1754162950231,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Gastroenterol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Factors that affect caecal intubation during colonoscopy include age and sex of the patient, quality of bowel preparation, prior abdominal or pelvic surgery and pelvic inflammatory disease, among others. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of patients' demography such as age and sex, as well as anthropometry (height, weight and body mass index (BMI)) on caecal intubation time (CIT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All consecutive patients referred for colonoscopy over a period of 6\u2005months were recruited into the study. Prior to the procedure, patients' demographic data as well as history of prior abdominal or pelvic surgery were recorded. The height and weight of each patient were taken, and the BMI calculated. CIT was measured from the time of insertion of the colonoscope into the anal canal to the time when the base of the caecum was intubated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 167 patients comprising 99 (59.3%) males and 68 (40.7%) females were studied. The mean CIT of the procedures was 912.5\u00b1477.1\u2005s with a range of 180\u20133180\u2005s. It was more prolonged in patients older than 65\u2005years of age, in males and in those with prior abdominal\/pelvic surgery, although no significant difference was observed among the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased BMI and non-usage of additional manoeuvres independently reduced CIT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Older age, male gender, prior abdominal\/pelvic surgery, use of additional manoeuvres and lower BMI were found to prolong CIT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,7]],"date-time":"2016-04-07T14:13:09Z","timestamp":1460038389000},"page":"e000076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Complete colonoscopy: impact of patients' demographics and anthropometry on caecal intubation time"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Adegboyega","family":"Akere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan\/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse Abiodun","family":"Otegbayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan\/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007203430301"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04818.x","article-title":"Factors that predict caecal insertion time during sedated colonoscopy: the role of waist circumference","volume":"23","author":"Hsieh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.109802"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.118950"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.5","first-page":"556","article-title":"Complete colonoscopy: how often? And if not, why not?","volume":"89","author":"Church","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1443-1661.2012.01296.x","article-title":"Body mass index predicts cecal insertion time: the higher, the better","volume":"24","author":"Krishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.21100","article-title":"Sigmoid colon morphology in the population groups of Durban, South Africa, with special reference to sigmoid volvulus","volume":"24","author":"Madiba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-008-0344-3","article-title":"Radiological anatomy of the sigmoid colon","volume":"30","author":"Madiba","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i22.6961"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01794949"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(04)02461-7"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111040"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00790.x","article-title":"Sedation-free colonoscopy using an upper endoscope is tolerable and effective in patients with low body mass index: a prospective randomized study","volume":"101","author":"Park","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00593441"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giec.2006.01.005","article-title":"Colonoscopy issues related to women","volume":"16","author":"Chutkan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0940-1","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of factors predicting difficulty and pain during sedation-free colooscopy","volume":"48","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(91)70674-3","article-title":"Total colonoscopy: is it always possible?","volume":"37","author":"Waye","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc."},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.28.1_supplement.916.4","article-title":"Human intestinal tract length and relationship with body height","volume":"28","author":"Minko","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.03186.x"},{"key":"2025073013155346000_3.1.e000076.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214899","article-title":"Colorectal anatomy in adults at computed tomography colonography: Normal distribution and the effect of age, sex, and body mass index","volume":"41","author":"Khashab","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endoscopy"}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000076","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T20:16:05Z","timestamp":1753906565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopengastro.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2016-000076","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-4774"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2054-4774"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}}}