{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:03:12Z","timestamp":1791342192588,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Open Gastroenterol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Foreign body ingestion (FBI) occurs infrequently but can be associated with rare risks including perforation. There is limited understanding of the impact of adult FBI in Australia. We aim to evaluate patient characteristics, outcomes and hospital costs of FBI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of patients with FBI was performed at a non-prison referral centre in Melbourne, Australia. International Classification of Disease-10 coding identified patients with gastrointestinal FBI over financial years 2018\u20132021. Exclusion criteria were food bolus, medication foreign body, object in anus or rectum, or non-ingestion. Criteria for \u2018emergent\u2019 classification were oesophagus, size &gt;6\u2009cm, disc batteries, airway compromise, peritonitis, sepsis and\/or suspected viscus perforation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-two admissions attributed to 26 patients were included. The median age was 36 years (IQR: 27\u201356), 58% were male and 35% had a prior psychiatric or autism spectrum disorder. There were no deaths, perforations or surgery. Gastroscopy was performed in 16 admissions and 1 was scheduled following discharge. Rat-tooth forceps were used in 31% and an overtube was used in 3 cases. The median time from presentation to gastroscopy was 673\u2009minutes (IQR: 380\u20131013). Management was adherent to European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in 81%. After excluding admissions with FBI as a secondary diagnosis, median admission cost was $A1989 (IQR: $A643\u2013$A4976) and total admission costs over the 3\u2009years was $A84\u2009448.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>FBI in an Australian, non-prison referral centre is infrequent, can often be safely managed expectantly, and has limited impact on healthcare utilisation. Early, outpatient endoscopy could be considered for non-urgent cases, which may reduce costs while maintaining safety.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]],"date-time":"2023-02-16T10:25:19Z","timestamp":1676543119000},"page":"e001087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Patient characteristics, outcomes and hospital-level healthcare costs of foreign body ingestion from an Australian, non-prison referral centre"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9383-3903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie Lee Yee","family":"Ngu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jadon","family":"Karp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstin","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.07.013"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.05.072"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S1091-255X(01)00027-0","article-title":"Conservative management of ingested foreign bodies","volume":"6","author":"Weiland","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v7.i3.162","article-title":"Intentional ingestions of foreign objects among prisoners: a review","volume":"7","author":"Evans","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.5","first-page":"482","article-title":"Recurrent intentional foreign body ingestion: an endoscopist\u2019s dilemma","volume":"8","author":"Atluri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2021-101776"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/flgastro-2021-101847"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.11.010"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-100456"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.934164","article-title":"Intentional foreign body ingestions: a complex, recurrent and costly issue","volume":"22","author":"Masood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01224-z","article-title":"Differences between intentional and accidental ingestion of foreign body in China","volume":"20","author":"Zong","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.936463","article-title":"Emergency removal of ingested foreign bodies in 586 adults at a single hospital in China according to the European Society of gastrointestinal endoscopy (ESGE) recommendations: a 10-year retrospective study","volume":"28","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mardani P , Shahriarirad R , Khosravi F , et al . The role and value of low-dose computed tomography scan compared to esophagoscopy in the diagnosis of foreign body ingestion in adults. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022. doi:10.1007\/s11748-022-01880-w [Epub ahead of print 8 Oct 2022].","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-022-01880-w"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(95)70273-3"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2011.tb02955.x","article-title":"Accidental ingestion of plastic from takeaway containers -- food for thought","volume":"194","author":"Guirgis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200007000-00006"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225602.25858.2c"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50831","article-title":"Mental health of people in Australia in the first month of COVID-19 restrictions: a national survey","volume":"213","author":"Fisher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(20)30159-X","article-title":"Drinking alone: COVID-19, lockdown, and alcohol-related harm","volume":"5","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025073013400665000_10.1.e001087.20","unstructured":"BBC News . COVID in Australia: melbourne to exit 112-day lockdown. 2020."}],"container-title":["BMJ Open Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T20:40:15Z","timestamp":1753908015000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmjopengastro.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001087"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2022-001087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2054-4774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2054-4774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}}}