{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:24:16Z","timestamp":1783484656097,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004439","name":"Hewlett Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004439","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MRC\/DfID\/Wellcome Trust"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This paper presents the cost and cost-effectiveness of the Good School Toolkit (GST), a programme aimed at reducing physical violence perpetrated by school staff to students in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The effectiveness of the Toolkit was tested with a cluster randomised controlled trial in 42 primary schools in Luwero District, Uganda. A full economic costing evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis were conducted alongside the trial. Both financial and economic costs were collected retrospectively from the provider\u2019s perspective to estimate total and unit costs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The total cost of setting up and running the Toolkit over the 18-month trial period is estimated at US$397 233, excluding process monitor (M&amp;E) activities. The cost to run the intervention is US$7429 per school annually, or US$15 per primary school pupil annually, in the trial intervention schools. It is estimated that the intervention has averted 1620 cases of past-week physical violence during the 18-month implementation period. The total cost per case of violence averted is US$244, and the annual implementation cost is US$96 per case averted during the trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The GST is a cost-effective intervention for reducing violence against pupils in primary schools in Uganda. It compares favourably against other violence reduction interventions in the region.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T01:55:22Z","timestamp":1524016522000},"page":"e000526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Economic evaluation of the Good School Toolkit: an intervention for reducing violence in primary schools in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct01678846","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5448-9521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Greco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"},{"name":"School of Economics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"MRC\/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willington","family":"Ssekadde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Education International\/Bantwana, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Namy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raising Voices, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak","family":"Naker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raising Voices, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Devries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001349"},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.03.022"},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.06.003"},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.4.741"},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.5","unstructured":"UNICEF. Violence against children in Tanzania: findings from a national survey, 2009: UNICEF Tanzania, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Muhimbili University ofHealth, Allied Sciences: Dar es Salaam, 2011."},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.6","unstructured":"UNICEF. Violence against children in Kenya: findings from a 2010 national survey: UNICEF Kenya Country Office, Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2012."},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2007"},{"key":"2025072914233824000_3.2.e000526.8","unstructured":"Pereznieto P . The costs and economic impact of violence against children, in ODI Policy Brief . 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