{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:01:46Z","timestamp":1788926506606,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) supplementation during pregnancy can decrease the proportion of infants born low birth weight and small for gestational age. Supplementation could also enhance children\u2019s cognitive function by improving access to key nutrients during fetal brain development and increasing birth weight, especially in areas where undernutrition is common. We tested the hypothesis that children whose mothers received MMN supplementation during pregnancy would have higher intelligence in early adolescence compared with those receiving Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) only.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We followed up children in Nepal, whose mothers took part in a double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) that compared the effects on birth weight and gestational duration of antenatal MMN versus IFA supplementation. We assessed children\u2019s Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) using the Universal Non-verbal Intelligence Test (UNIT), and their executive function using the counting Stroop test. The parent trial was registered as <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"isrctn\" xlink:href=\"88625934\">ISRCTN88625934<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified 813 (76%) of the 1069 children whose mothers took part in the parent trial. We found no differences in FSIQ at 12 years between MMN and IFA groups (absolute difference in means (diff): 1.25, 95% CI \u22120.57 to 3.06). Similarly, there were no differences in mean UNIT memory (diff: 1.41, 95% CI \u22120.48 to 3.30), reasoning (diff: 1.17, 95% CI \u22120.72 to 3.06), symbolic (diff: 0.97, 95% CI \u22120.67 to 2.60) or non-symbolic quotients (diff: 1.39, 95% CI \u22120.60 to 3.38).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our follow-up of a double-blind RCT in Nepal found no evidence of benefit from antenatal MMN compared with IFA for children\u2019s overall intelligence and executive function at 12 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T20:10:58Z","timestamp":1519848658000},"page":"e000527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Does antenatal micronutrient supplementation improve children\u2019s cognitive function? Evidence from the follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn88625934","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"given":"Sophiya","family":"Dulal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Li\u00e9geois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Osrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Kuczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Great Ormond Street Children\u2019s Hospital, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dharma S","family":"Manandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhim P","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aman","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mother and Infant Research Activities (MIRA), Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Saville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delan","family":"Devakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Prost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","article-title":"Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course","volume":"389","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60937-X"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.5.1747S","article-title":"Micronutrients and fetal growth","volume":"133","author":"Fall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70001-9"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200900158"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.2.614S","article-title":"Nutrition and the developing brain: nutrient priorities and measurement","volume":"85","author":"Georgieff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fetal brain development: the role of maternal nutrition, exposures and behaviors","volume":"4","author":"Massaro","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-005-0585-4"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174409990158"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60996-4"},{"key":"2025072913473715000_3.1.e000527.11","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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