{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:13:45Z","timestamp":1787998425718,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006661","name":"United Nations Population Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Humanitarian emergencies increase the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). We estimated the prevalence of GBV victimisation and perpetration among women and men in urban settings across Somalia, which has faced decades of war and natural disasters that have resulted in massive population displacements.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A population-based survey was conducted in 14 urban areas across Somalia between December 2014 and November 2015.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2376 women and 2257 men participated in the survey. One in five men (22.2%, 95% CI 20.5 to 23.9) and one in seven (15.5%; 95% CI 14.1 to 17.0) women reported physical or sexual violence victimisation during childhood. Among women, 35.6% (95% CI 33.4 to 37.9) reported adult lifetime experiences of physical or sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) and 16.5% (95% CI 15.1 to 18.1) reported adult lifetime experience of physical or sexual non-partner violence (NPV). Almost one-third of men (31.2%; 95% CI 29.4 to 33.1) reported victimisation as an adult, the majority of which was physical violence. Twenty-two per cent (21.7%; 95% CI 19.5 to 24.1) of men reported lifetime sexual or physical IPV perpetration and 8.1% (95% CI 7.1 to 9.3) reported lifetime sexual or physical NPV perpetration. Minority clan membership, displacement, exposure to parental violence and violence during childhood were common correlates of IPV and NPV victimisation and perpetration among women and men. Victimisation and perpetration were also strongly associated with recent depression and experiences of miscarriage or stillbirth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>GBV is prevalent and spans all regions of Somalia. Programmes that support nurturing environments for children and provide health and psychosocial support for women and men are critical to prevent and respond to GBV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-000773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T10:45:51Z","timestamp":1532515551000},"page":"e000773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Lifetime prevalence, correlates and health consequences of gender-based violence victimisation and perpetration among men and women in Somalia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2063-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea L","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A","family":"Perrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Desgroppes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Phipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali A","family":"Abdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (Unicef), Mogadishu, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Kaburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isatu","family":"Kajue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezekiel","family":"Kutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), New York City, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Public Health Nursing, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072914412271000_3.4.e000773.1","unstructured":"WHO. 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