{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:09:27Z","timestamp":1793300967024,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1132548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1132548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006065","name":"Department of Health, Government of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DoH20182446"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DoH20182446"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Development and implementation of appropriate health policy is essential to address the rising global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate existing health policies for integrated prevention\/management of NCDs among Member States of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). We sought to describe policies\u2019 aims and strategies to achieve those aims, and evaluate extent of integration of musculoskeletal conditions as a leading cause of global morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Policies submitted by OECD Member States in response to a World Health Organization (WHO) NCD Capacity Survey were extracted from the WHO document clearing-house and analysed following a standard protocol. Policies were eligible for inclusion when they described an integrated approach to prevention\/management of NCDs. Internal validity was evaluated using a standard instrument (sum score: 0\u201314; higher scores indicate better quality). Quantitative data were expressed as frequencies, while text data were content-analysed and meta-synthesised using standardised methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After removal of duplicates and screening, 44 policies from 30 OECD Member States were included. Three key themes emerged to describe the general aims of included policies: system strengthening approaches; improved service delivery; and better population health. Whereas the policies of most countries covered cancer (83.3%), cardiovascular disease (76.6%), diabetes\/endocrine disorders (76.6%), respiratory conditions (63.3%) and mental health conditions (63.3%), only half the countries included musculoskeletal health and pain (50.0%) as explicit foci. General strategies were outlined in 42 (95.5%) policies\u2014all were relevant to musculoskeletal health in 12 policies, some relevant in 27 policies and none relevant in three policies. Three key themes described the strategies: general principles for people-centred NCD prevention\/management; enhanced service delivery; and system strengthening approaches. Internal validity sum scores ranged from 0 to 13; mean: 7.6 (95% CI 6.5 to 8.7).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Relative to other NCDs, musculoskeletal health did not feature as prominently, although many general prevention\/management strategies were relevant to musculoskeletal health improvement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T08:05:12Z","timestamp":1568275512000},"page":"e001806","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Integrated prevention and management of non-communicable diseases, including musculoskeletal health: a systematic policy analysis among OECD countries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew M","family":"Briggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5094-403X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer G","family":"Persaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis and Osteoporosis Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0048-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie L","family":"Deverell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Government of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5747-9361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha","family":"Bunzli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital (Melbourne), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8404-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte","family":"Tampin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Business Management and Social Sciences, Hochschule Osnabr\u00fcck, University of Applied Sciences, Osnabr\u00fcck, 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