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We aimed to provide a better understanding of the genetic characteristics and transmission patterns associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) iNTS serovars across the continent.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 166 iNTS isolates collected from a multi-centre surveillance in 10 African countries (2010\u20132014) and a fever study in Ghana (2007\u20132009) were genome sequenced to investigate the geographical distribution, antimicrobial genetic determinants and population structure of iNTS serotypes\u2013genotypes. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted in the context of the existing genomic frameworks for various iNTS serovars. Population-based incidence of MDR-iNTS disease was estimated in each study site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Typhimurium sequence-type (ST) 313 and\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Enteritidis ST11 were predominant, and both exhibited high frequencies of MDR;\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      Dublin ST10 was identified in West Africa only. Mutations in the\n                      <jats:italic>gyrA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene (fluoroquinolone resistance) were identified in\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Enteritidis and\n                      <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Typhimurium in Ghana; an ST313 isolate carrying\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX-M-15<\/jats:sub>\n                      was found in Kenya. International transmission of MDR ST313 (lineage II) and MDR ST11 (West African clade) was observed between Ghana and neighbouring West African countries. The incidence of MDR-iNTS disease exceeded 100\/100 000 person-years-of-observation in children aged &lt;5 years in several West African countries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified the circulation of multiple MDR iNTS serovar STs in the sampled sub-Saharan African countries. Investment in the development and deployment of iNTS vaccines coupled with intensified antimicrobial resistance surveillance are essential to limit the impact of these pathogens in Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T12:16:38Z","timestamp":1627906598000},"page":"e005659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["The genomic epidemiology of multi-drug resistant invasive non-typhoidal\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    in selected sub-Saharan African countries"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1632-3045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School of Public 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