{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:52:35Z","timestamp":1791388355096,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628640000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 82071678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82071678"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Plan of SHDC","award":["No. SHDC2020CR2059B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SHDC2020CR2059B"]}]},{"name":"the Key Research Project of Pudong New Area Population and Family Planning Commission","award":["No.PW2020E-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.PW2020E-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm birth is the leading cause of child morbidity and mortality globally. We aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 mitigation measures implemented in China on 23 January 2020 on the incidence of preterm birth in our institution.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between the national COVID-19 mitigation measures implemented in China and the incidence of preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai China.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All singleton deliveries abstracted from electronic medical record between 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm birth rate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data on 164 107 singleton deliveries were available. COVID-19 mitigation measures were consistently associated with significant reductions in preterm birth in the 2-month, 3-month, 4-month, 5-month time windows after implementation (+2 months, OR 0.80, 95%\u2009CI 0.69 to 0.94; +3 months, OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94; +4 months, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92; +5 months, OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.93). These reductions in preterm birth were obvious across various degrees of prematurity, but were statistically significant only in moderate-to-late preterm birth (32 complete weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days) subgroup. The preterm birth difference disappeared gradually after various restrictions were removed (7th\u201312th month of 2020, OR 1.02, 95%\u2009CI 0.94 to 1.11). There was no difference in stillbirth rate across the study time window.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Substantial decreases in preterm birth rates were observed following implementation of the national COVID-19 mitigation measures in China. Further study is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms associated with this observation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1628771024000},"page":"e006359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Are COVID-19 mitigation measures reducing preterm birth rate in China?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zheng","family":"Bian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxian","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa046","article-title":"Negligible risk of the COVID-19 resurgence caused by work resuming in China (outside Hubei): a statistical probability study","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Public Health"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis","volume":"7","author":"Chawanpaiboon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.5323","article-title":"Cognitive outcomes of children born extremely or very preterm since the 1990s and associated risk factors: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"172","author":"Twilhaar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1688955","article-title":"Young adult motor, sensory, and cognitive outcomes and longitudinal development after very and extremely preterm birth","volume":"50","author":"Vollmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.12.022","article-title":"Primary and secondary prevention of preterm birth: a review of systematic reviews and ongoing randomized controlled trials","volume":"236","author":"Matei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-319990","article-title":"Danish premature birth rates during the COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"106","author":"Hedermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"2025072914565966000_6.8.e006359.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Philip RK , Purtill H , Reidy E . 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