{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T16:08:31Z","timestamp":1794067711148,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the incidence of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy, and neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with it in low-income and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reports were included when neonatal encephalopathy diagnosed clinically within 24 hours of birth in term or near-term infants born after intrapartum hypoxia-ischaemia defined as any of the following: (1) pH\u22647.1\u2009or base excess \u2264\u221212 or lactate \u22656, (2) Apgar score \u22645 at 5 or 10\u2009min, (3) continuing resuscitation at 5 or 10\u2009min or (4) no cry from baby at 5 or 10\u2009min. Peer-reviewed articles were searched from Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and WHO Global Index Medicus with date limits 1 November 2009 to 17 November 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Inverse variance of heterogenicity was used for meta-analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 53 reports from 51 studies presenting data on 4181 children with intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy included in the review. Only five studies had data on incidence, which ranged from 1.5 to 20.3 per 1000 live births. Neonatal mortality was examined in 45 studies and in total 636 of the 3307 (19.2%) infants died. Combined outcome of death or moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability was reported in 19 studies and occurred in 712 out of 1595 children (44.6%) with follow-up 1 to 3.5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Though there has been progress in some regions, incidence, case mortality and morbidity in intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy has been static in the last 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD42020177928.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-010294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1672312543000},"page":"e010294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Incidence and outcomes of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5879-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antti Juhani","family":"Kukka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Region G\u00e4vleborg, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Waheddoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Region G\u00e4vleborg, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Region G\u00e4vleborg, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7164-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Litorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Wrammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0541-4486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish","family":"KC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000445580.65983.d2"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01207-1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national progress towards sustainable development goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2013.206","article-title":"Intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy incidence and impairment at regional and global levels for 2010 with trends from 1990","volume":"74 Suppl 1","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31528-8"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316319"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60496-7"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003583"},{"key":"2025073013370150000_7.12.e010294.9","unstructured":"World Bank . 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