{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:03:06Z","timestamp":1788940986554,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technical University of Munich","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BMJ Glob Health"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Violence against women is a serious human rights violation. While much attention has been given to the prevalence and prevention of physical, sexual and emotional violence, one crucial dimension is to date less well understood: economic abuse against women. This paper presents rich qualitative data on economic abuse against women in India to improve the understanding of economic abuse in a lower-middle income setting and to assess how economic abuse interacts with socio-cultural factors such as patrilocality, patriarchal gender norms and limited acceptance of female employment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We conducted 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) in the states Maharashtra and Rajasthan. FGDs were conducted with married working (for income) and non-working women, husbands and mothers-in-law. Discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated to English. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis and emerging themes were discussed among all authors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women suffered from four distinct forms of economic abuse. Economic control emerged as the most prevalent theme, amplified by women\u2019s marginalisation from financial decision-making in the household. Discussions further alluded to employment sabotage, which husbands commonly justified by not wanting their wives to neglect their duties at home. A third category was women\u2019s economic exploitation, expressed by husbands taking their salaries, accumulating debt in their wife\u2019s name, and using their wife\u2019s wedding endowments for own purposes. A last category was husbands\u2019 refusal to financially contribute to necessary household expenses, which hindered investments in children\u2019s education and adequate coping with health emergencies. We identified important linkages with other forms of domestic abuse.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Economic abuse has the potential to trap women in abusive relationships. Effective interventions to reduce economic abuse and economically empower women such as financial inclusion programmes are urgently needed. Stricter penalisation of dowry-related violence and spousal abuse is also required.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-012576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T11:55:37Z","timestamp":1696506937000},"page":"e012576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["\u2018We don\u2019t get money in our own hands\u2019: evidence from focus group discussions on economic abuse against women in two states of India"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7120-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janina Isabel","family":"Steinert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ines","family":"Boehret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TUM School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rucha","family":"Vasumati Satish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karve Institute of Social Service, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanchita","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SNDT Women\u2019s University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Chatterji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073015025799000_8.10.e012576.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240937"},{"key":"2025073015025799000_8.10.e012576.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02664-7"},{"key":"2025073015025799000_8.10.e012576.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Organization PAH . 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